人間の聴覚皮質における音声プロソディエンコーディング

C Tang¹, L S Hamilton¹, E F Chang²

¹Department of Neurological Surgery and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|August 26, 2017

まとめ

科学者は脳が音の濃度ではなく音の相対的な高さに焦点を当てて発音の輪郭を処理することを発見しましたこの脳活動は上側側頭蓋骨で起こります

科学分野:

神経科学
言語学
聴覚的知覚

背景:

人間の言語で言語的な意味を伝えるには音調のピッチが重要です
聴衆は,個々の声の範囲に関係なく,相対的なピッチに基づいて音調の輪郭を認識します.
聴覚知覚の解読には音声処理の神経的な基礎を理解することが重要です

研究の目的:

人間の脳における音高の神経表現を調査する.
脳が絶対音量か相対音量かを判別する
音声の輪郭を処理する脳の領域を音声の内容と話し手のアイデンティティから切り離してマッピングする

主な方法:

高密度電気皮質撮影 (ECoG) を用いて,脳表面からの神経活動を記録した.
参加者は音調の輪郭や音声の内容や話し手のアイデンティティを操作した文章を聞きました
聴覚機能の選択的なエンコーディングのための上側側頭葉回 (STG) の皮質活動を分析した.

主要な成果:

人間の上側側頭葉の特定の電極は選択的に音調の輪郭を表現した.
音声的な特徴やスピーカーのアイデンティティを暗号化する場所とは異なるものでした
音調の輪郭のニューラル表現は絶対的な音程ではなく相対的な音程を反映しスピーカーによる正常化された処理を確認した.

結論:

人間の脳は,特に上側側頭蓋骨は, 音声の輪郭を処理するための異なる神経集団を持っています.
イントネーション処理は相対的な音高変化のエンコーディングに依存し,スピーカーから独立した知覚を可能にします.
この発見は脳が複雑な言語情報を発音から解読する方法の理解を進めているのです

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