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Analysis of Fatty Acid Content and Composition in Microalgae
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藻 の 光 酵素 は 脂肪酸 を 炭化水素 に 変換 する
Damien Sorigué1, Bertrand Légeret1, Stéphan Cuiné1
1Biosciences and Biotechnologies Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), CNRS and Aix-Marseille University, UMR 7265 LB3M, CEA Cadarache, F-13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 2, 2017
まとめ
科学者は藻類で新しい光駆動酵素を発見し,脂肪酸を炭化水素に変換します. この脂肪酸光炭酸酵素は 効率的な炭化水素生成のために 青い光を使用します
科学分野:
- 生物化学
- 酵素学
- 藻類のバイオテクノロジー
背景:
- 光駆動酵素は希少で,主にDNA修復と光合成で知られている.
- 光合成以外の代謝経路における 光の役割を理解することは 極めて重要です
研究 の 目的:
- 微藻の脂質代謝に関与する新しい光酵素を特定し,特徴づけること.
- 新しく発見された光活性化酵素のメカニズムと潜在的応用を解明する.
主な方法:
- 酵素活性と基質特異性を決定する生化学的測定
- 光酵素の結晶構造の決定
- 光触媒メカニズムを理解するために,光学分析.
主要な成果:
- 脂肪酸デカルボキシル化を触媒する *Chlorella variabilis* NC64Aの青色光活性化酵素の特定
- この酵素は,脂肪酸光デカルボキシラーゼと呼ばれ,藻類特有のグルコース-メタノール-コリン酸化還元酵素家族に属しています.
- 構造分析により,脂肪酸結合部位が基質をフラビンアデニンジヌクレオチド (FAD) 共同因子にチャネリングし,光刺激が80%以上の量子産量で触媒を誘発することを明らかにした.
結論:
- 新しい光酵素である脂肪酸光脱酸化は,微藻で特徴づけられ,光エネルギーと脂質代謝を結びつけている.
- この酵素は 脂肪酸を 青い光を使って 効率的に n-アルケーンや - アルケーンに変換します
- この発見により 軽量化やバイオベースの 炭化水素生産の道が開かれました
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