葉の大きさの地球的な気候要因
Ian J Wright1, Ning Dong2,3, Vincent Maire2,4
1Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia. ian.wright@mq.edu.au.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 2, 2017
まとめ
葉の大きさは世界的に異なるが,湿った熱帯では大きな葉があり,乾燥した地域や高地では小さな葉がある. 葉から空気への温度差は,これらのグローバルな葉のサイズパターンの主要な要因です.
科学分野:
- エコロジー
- 植物生物学
- バイオジオグラフィ
背景:
- 葉の大きさは 世界的な種間で 10万倍以上の変化を示しています
- 以前の観測では 湿った熱帯地域では 葉の大きさが示されましたが 全球的なパターンや 気候の要因は 定量化されていませんでした
研究 の 目的:
- 葉の大きさの世界のパターンを特徴づける.
- 葉の大きさのグラデーションに影響を与える主要な気候要因を特定する.
- 次世代の植生モデルに情報を提供するためです
主な方法:
- 全部の葉のサイズデータを分析する.
- 葉のエネルギーバランスのモデル化 (インプットとアウトプット).
- 葉と空気の温度差の定量化
主要な成果:
- 大きな葉のある種は,湿った,暑い,晴れた環境で一般的です.
- 小葉の種は 乾燥した 暑い 晴れた環境で優勢です
- 小さい葉は高緯度と高地の特徴でもある.
- 地理的な葉の大きさの変動における重要な要因として,葉と空気の温度差が特定されました.
結論:
- 葉の大きさは,特定の気候条件,特に温度差と強く相関しています.
- 葉の温度と水の使用の理解は,高度な植生モデリングに不可欠です.
- この研究は,より正確な生態学と気候モデルのための基盤を提供します.
関連する概念動画
02:16Light Acquisition
9.7K
In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.
9.7K
01:57Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss
28.3K
Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
28.3K
02:04Regulation of Transpiration by Stomata
31.5K
During photosynthesis, plants acquire the necessary carbon dioxide and release the produced oxygen back into the atmosphere. Openings in the epidermis of plant leaves is the site of this exchange of gasses. A single opening is called a stoma—derived from the Greek word for “mouth.” Stomata open and close in response to a variety of environmental cues.
31.5K
01:50Global Climate Change
29.2K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
29.2K
02:41Responses to Drought and Flooding
12.2K
Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.
12.2K
02:45Responses to Heat and Cold Stress
15.0K
Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
15.0K