野生の生物多様性への影響は一般的で,生産性の主要な要因と同じくらい強力です
J Emmett Duffy1, Casey M Godwin2, Bradley J Cardinale2
1Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network, Smithsonian Institution, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, Maryland 21037, USA.
Nature
|September 5, 2017
まとめ
生物多様性の減少は 生態系の生産性に影響します この研究では 種が増えたことが 気候と栄養の効果に匹敵する 自然生態系におけるバイオマス生産を高めることが示されています
科学分野:
- エコロジー
- 環境科学
- 保護生物学
背景:
- 500以上の実験で 生物多様性の減少と 生態系の生産性と安定性の低下が 関連づけられています
- 自然生態系における生物多様性の役割は議論されており,アビオティック要因が優位であると仮定する者もいる.
研究 の 目的:
- 生物多様性の影響が自然生態系において非生物的要因を超えて有意であるかどうかを検証する.
- 生物多様性のバイオマスへの影響と,他の既知の生産性要因を比較する.
主な方法:
- 67件のフィールド研究から得られた133件の推定値の分析
- 生物多様性の影響と非生物学的強制の統計的分離
- 環境共変数の制御
主要な成果:
- 生物質の生産は,多様な野生の分類と生態系において,種の豊かさによって著しく増加します.
- 自然界のバイオマスに対する生物多様性のポジティブな影響は,これまで実験で示されたものより強い.
- 生物多様性によるバイオマスへの影響は,気候や栄養素の利用可能性に匹敵するか,それよりも大きい.
結論:
- 自然生態系におけるバイオマス生産の主な要因は 種が豊富であることです
- 生態系の生産性の維持における生物多様性の役割は極めて重要であり,地球規模の変化に関する研究と政策において優先されるべきである.
関連する概念動画
Threats to Biodiversity
27.4K
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
27.4K
What is Biodiversity?
34.3K
Biodiversity describes the variety of living things at multiple organizational levels: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity. Species diversity includes all branches of the evolutionary tree from single-celled prokaryotic organisms, bacteria, and archaea, to the eukaryotic kingdoms: plants; animals; fungi; and protists. To date, there have been about 1.75 million species identified, and new species are discovered every week.
34.3K
Ecological Disturbance
21.2K
An ecological disturbance is a temporary disruption in the environment resulting from abiotic, biotic, or anthropogenic factors, causing a pronounced change in an ecosystem. The impact of an ecological disturbance, which can depend on its intensity, frequency, and spatial distribution, plays a significant role in shaping the species diversity within the ecosystem.
21.2K
Biodiversity and Human Values
17.4K
Human civilization relies on biodiversity in many ways. Sudden changes in species biodiversity result in environmental changes that can modify weather patterns and therefore human civilizations.
17.4K
Keystone Species
25.1K
Measures of species biodiversity, such as richness (i.e., the number of species present) and evenness (i.e., their relative abundance), describe an ecological community’s structure. Many factors affect community structure, including abiotic factors (e.g., sunlight and nutrients), disturbances (e.g., fire or flood), species interactions (e.g., predation or competition), and chance events (e.g., foreign species invasion). Certain species—such as keystone species—also play a...
25.1K
What is Conservation Biology?
24.6K
Conservation biology is a scientific field that focuses on the preservation of biodiversity in order to protect ecosystems while meeting the needs of the human population. Humans require properly functioning ecosystems to maintain our supply of natural resources, including food, medicines, and building materials.
24.6K


