6ヶ月から5歳までの子供の視力検診:米国予防サービスタスクフォースの勧告声明
, David C Grossman1, Susan J Curry2
1Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle.
JAMA
|September 6, 2017
まとめ
3~5歳児の視力スクリーニングは,アンブリオピア (怠惰な目) を検出するために推奨され,生涯の視力に適度な利点を提供します. 3歳未満の子供では,十分な証拠がないため,スクリーニングは推奨されません.
科学分野:
- 小児眼科
- 予防医学
- 公衆衛生
背景:
- アムブリオピア つまり"怠惰な目"は 子供の視力障害の主な原因で 視覚経路の異常な発達に起因します
- 視力障害の早期発見は 永久的な視力喪失を防ぐために不可欠です
- 子どもの視覚障害のスクリーニング率は 人種・民族・社会経済的地位によって異なります
研究 の 目的:
- アメリカ 予防 サービス タスク フォース (USPSTF) の 暗視 と その 危険因子 の 検診 に 関する 勧告 を 更新 する.
- 子供の視力検査と治療の正確さ,利益,害を評価する.
主な方法:
- 視力検査の精度に関する証拠の体系的なレビュー
- アンブリオピアの非外科的スクリーニングと治療の利益と害の評価
- スクリーニング率と格差に関する研究から得られたデータ
主要な成果:
- 3~5歳児の視力スクリーニングは中程度の効果があり,生涯の視力改善の可能性があります.
- この年齢層のアンブリオピアの治療は,視力の適度な改善を示します.
- 偽陽性率などの治療による潜在的な害は小さいと考えられています.
結論:
- USPSTFは,3~5歳のすべての子供に少なくとも1回の視力検診を行い,アンブリオピアや危険因子を特定することを推奨しています (B勧告).
- 3歳未満の子供の視力スクリーニングの利益と害を評価するには,証拠は不十分です (I声明).
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