幼児 は,大人 が 粘り強く 努力 し て いる の を 見る と,目標 を 達成 する 試み を 進める
Julia A Leonard1, Yuna Lee2, Laura E Schulz2
1Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. jlnrd@mit.edu.
まとめ
努力する大人は 挑戦的な課題に対して 乳児の粘り強さを 大きく高めます 観察による学習の効果を強調する新しい状況に拡大しています.
科学分野:
- 発達心理学
- 認知の発達
- 社会学習理論
背景:
- 粘り強さは 知的能力とは無関係で 学業の成功に繋がる 重要な特徴です
- 幼児が粘り強さを学ぶ方法を理解することは 幼児の発達に不可欠です
研究 の 目的:
- 幼児の持続性に対する大人の努力の観察による因果関係を調査する.
- 学習した粘り強さを新しい課題に一般化するかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 15ヶ月の赤ちゃんは 成人モデルに 努力の強い目標を追求したり 努力の少ない目標を追求したりしました
- その後 参加者に 難しい新しい課題を提示し 粘り強さを評価してもらいました
- この研究では,最初の実験と262人の乳児を対象とした2つの事前に登録された複製試験が実施されました.
主要な成果:
- "努力"状態に曝された乳児は,対照群と比較して,新しいタスクに対する試みが著しく多く示されました.
- 大人のモデルからの教育的ヒントは,幼児の粘り強さに対する観察効果に影響を与えました.
- 成人の努力と乳児の持続性との間の因果関係を示しています.
結論:
- 大人のモデルが 努力をすると 幼児の忍耐力が高まります
- 幼児は不慣れな作業に 粘り強さの価値を一般化し 早期の社会学習のメカニズムを示唆します
- 観察による粘り強さの学習は 幼児期に始まり 将来の課題への取り組みに影響します
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