津波によるラフティング:海を越えた種の拡散と海洋生物学的影響

James T Carlton^1,2, John W Chapman³, Jonathan B Geller⁴

¹Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA. james.t.carlton@williams.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|October 1, 2017

まとめ

2011年の日本津波により 289種の日本海産生物が瓦で太平洋を横断しましたこの前例のない出来事は海洋プラスチックが増加し激しい嵐がもたらす寄生虫の侵入の危険性を強調しています

科学分野:

海洋生物学
エコロジー
海洋学

背景:

2011年の東日本地震は巨大な津波を引き起こし前例のない生物の漂流を引き起こしました
沿岸の海洋生物は浮遊するゴミで太平洋を横断して運ばれました
この出来事は種の拡散と海洋侵略を理解する上で重要な意味を持ちます

研究の目的:

2011年の津波の後の日本沿岸の海洋生物の海を越えた拡散を記録する.
海洋輸送中の種と生存期間を特定する.
生物分解不能な材料が長距離の生物漂流を促進する役割を評価する.

主な方法:

北米とハワイで漂着したゴミに生息する海洋生物の分類と特定
破片の起源を分析し太平洋の移動時間を推定する
海洋を越えた旅の生存率を評価する

主要な成果:

16の属から289の生きた日本の沿岸の海洋種が記録された.
6年間で数千キロの距離を主に生物分解不能な素材で移動しました
これはラフティングによる沿岸生物の最も長く記録された海洋横断の生存と拡散を表しています

結論:

海洋のゴミを介して大規模な長距離生物学的輸送の可能性を示しています
プラスチックの汚染の増加と激しい嵐は将来のラフティングイベントや種の侵入を助長する可能性があります
これらのメカニズムの理解は変化する気候における生物学的侵入を予測し管理するために極めて重要です

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