温暖化世界における気候システムへの土壌の炭素フィードバックの長期的なパターンと規模
J M Melillo1, S D Frey2, K M DeAngelis3
1Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. jmelillo@mbl.edu.
まとめ
土壌の温暖化により 土壌の有機物質は 4段階に分解され 二酸化炭素が放出されます 微生物の変化に起因する この土壌の炭素の損失は 森林からの気候フィードバックループを示唆しています
科学分野:
- 森林の生態学
- 土壌科学
- 気候変動科学
背景:
- 土壌の有機物質は主要な炭素貯蔵庫です
- 森林の土壌は世界の炭素循環に 重要な役割を果たしています
- 温暖化に対する土壌の炭素反応を理解することは 気候予測に不可欠です
研究 の 目的:
- 硬木林の炭素循環に及ぼす 長期的影響について調査する
- 土壌の有機物の分解と二酸化炭素 (CO2) の流れの変化を記録する.
- 温暖化による土壌の炭素損失の速度と範囲に影響を与える要因を特定する.
主な方法:
- 26年の土壌温暖化実験を 中緯度の硬木林で行いました
- 土壌の有機物分解とCO2の排出を監視する.
- 微生物のバイオマス,炭素使用効率,コミュニティの構成を分析した.
主要な成果:
- 土壌の有機物質の分解とCO2の放出の4段階のパターンを観察した.
- 重要で検知不可能な土壌の炭素損失の交替段階を特定した.
- 微生物利用可能な炭素池の枯渇,微生物のバイオマス減少,微生物の炭素使用効率の変化,微生物コミュニティの組成の変化が土壌の炭素損失の動態に影響を及ぼすことを文書化しています.
結論:
- 土壌の温暖化により 森林の土壌から複雑で段階的な炭素が放出されます
- これらの発見は,地球温度の上昇に伴い,中緯度の森林から気候システムへの 陽性な炭素フィードバックの予測を裏付けています
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