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Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

5.7K
Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of...
5.7K
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

4.6K
At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
4.6K
Anaphase Promoting Complex00:50

Anaphase Promoting Complex

3.5K
The stepwise destruction of specific proteins is necessary for the progression and completion of the cell cycle. Such proteins are ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligases and then subsequently destroyed by the proteasome. The SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box) and the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) are two important ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle progression. While SCF is active throughout the cell cycle, APC gets activated during metaphase to anaphase transition. Cdc20 or Cdh1 binds to APC and...
3.5K
Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

6.1K
Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...
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Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

6.4K
DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
6.4K
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

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Updated: Feb 21, 2026

CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure
09:20

CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure

Published on: September 14, 2018

13.1K

Cohesin Loss はすべてのループドメインを削除します.

Suhas S P Rao1, Su-Chen Huang2, Brian Glenn St Hilaire3

  • 1The Center for Genome Architecture, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Cell
|October 7, 2017
PubMed
まとめ

コヘシン分解はループドメインを排除するが,ヒトゲノムのコンパートメントドメインは排除しない. コヘシン喪失は,スーパーエンハンスターの共同局所化を引き起こし,遺伝子調節に影響を与えます.

キーワード:
4D 核CTCF についてHi-C についてクロマチンループコヘージョン遺伝子調節ゲノム構造ループの流出核コンパートメント超強化剤

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Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes
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Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes

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Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Feb 21, 2026

CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure
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Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes
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Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes

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Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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科学分野:

  • ゲノミクス
  • 分子生物学
  • エピジェネティクス

背景:

  • 人間のゲノムは,ループドメインとコンパートメントドメインを含む階層構造に編成されています.
  • ループドメインはCTCFとコヘシン結合によって形成され,コンパートメントドメインは類似したヒストンマークを持つゲノム間隔の共分離によって形成される.

研究 の 目的:

  • ゲノム組織と遺伝子調節におけるコヘシンの役割を調査する.
  • ループドメイン,コンパートメントドメイン,遺伝子発現に対するコヘシン分解の影響を決定する.

主な方法:

  • コヘシン分解がヒト細胞で誘発された.
  • Hi-Cのような技術を用いて ゲノム全体の接触周波数を分析した.
  • 遺伝子発現とヒストンのマークを評価した.

主要な成果:

  • コヘシンを除去すると,ループドメインが完全に失われます.
  • コンパートメント領域とヒストンマークは,コヘシン喪失の影響を受けなかった.
  • コヘシン枯渇はスーパーエンハンスターの共局所化を引き起こし,近くの遺伝子の調節に影響を与えました.
  • コヘシンが回復すると,ループドメインが急速に再形成され,多くのメガベースサイズのループは1時間以内に回復した.

結論:

  • コヘシンはループドメインの形成と維持に不可欠です.
  • ループドメイン形成はコンパートメントドメイン形成とは異なる.
  • コヘシンは,スーパーエンハンサーの組織とループの流出を介して遺伝子発現を調節する上で重要な役割を果たします.