関連する実験動画
Updated: Feb 21, 2026
07:16
Reverse Genetic Approach to Identify Regulators of Pigmentation using Zebrafish
Published on: March 1, 2022
2.8K
バジリガーの黄色い羽の色素化における遺伝子マッピングと生化学的基礎
Thomas F Cooke1, Curt R Fischer2, Ping Wu3
1Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Cell
|October 7, 2017
まとめ
科学者は青いバジラ羽の遺伝子を特定しました MuPKS遺伝子の変異により 黄色い色素の生成が妨げられ の色彩進化の洞察が明らかになりました
科学分野:
- 鳥の遺伝学
- 生物化学
- 進化生物学
背景:
- パロットの羽は ピンク色,オレンジ色,黄色色など 鮮やかな色彩を帯びています その原因は プシタコフルビンと呼ばれる ポリエネ色素です
- 羽毛の多様性のために 選択的に繁殖されていますが 遺伝的根拠は不明です
研究 の 目的:
- 黄色の色素の欠如によって特徴づけられる 青い羽毛の特徴の遺伝的根拠を特定する.
- パロットのピグメント生成の基礎となる分子機構を理解する.
主な方法:
- 青い特徴の原因となる遺伝子の位置を特定するための全ゲノム関連マッピング
- 染色体生産における候補遺伝子の役割を調査する遺伝子発現分析.
- 染色体合成を確認するために,酵母で特定された遺伝子の異質表現.
- 合成されたピグメントの化学構造を分析するための質量スペクトロメトリー.
主要な成果:
- 青い羽毛の特徴は,ポリケチド合成遺伝子 (MuPKS) のR644Wアミノ酸置換に起因する単一ヌクレオチドポリモルフィズム (SNP) にマッピングされた.
- イーストにおけるMuPKSの異質的発現は,の羽毛に見られる黄色い色素の蓄積につながった.
- R644Wの置換は,MuPKSの酵素活性を取り除き,それによって黄色い色素の形成を防ぐことが示されました.
- 比較的な遺伝子発現データは,の進化的な色多様化は,羽の表皮におけるMuPKS発現レベルに影響を与える規制変化によって引き起こされることを示唆している.
結論:
- この研究では,パロットの黄色いプシタコフルビン色素を合成する鍵となる酵素としてMuPKSを特定しました.
- MuPKSの特定の変異 (R644W) は,黄色い色素の喪失を引き起こし,バジリガーの青い羽毛を生じさせます.
- この発見は 鳥類の自然な色彩変化を理解するための 分子基盤を提供し 羽毛の色彩の進化における 遺伝子調節の役割を強調しています
関連する概念動画
01:39Epistasis
50.5K
In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
50.5K
00:49Complementation Tests
6.3K
A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
6.3K
02:41Lethal Alleles
18.4K
Agouti: A Lethal Allele
Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...
Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...
18.4K
02:32Position-effect Variegation
7.2K
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
7.2K
02:27Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
7.8K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
7.8K
01:20Monohybrid Crosses
240.0K
Overview
240.0K