進行性エイズ患者のヒト免疫不全ウイルスの被動免疫中和
G G Jackson1, J T Perkins, M Rubenis
1Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Chicago.
Lancet (London, England)
|September 17, 1988
まとめ
高抗体プラズマ注入は,エイズ進行患者のヒト免疫不全ウイルス (HIV) 抗原血症を迅速に除去しました. この被動抗体療法は,持続的なHIV中和を提供し,何週間も機会性感染症を減少させました.
科学分野:
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- ウイルス学 ウイルス学 ウイルス学
- クリニカル・メディシン 臨床医学
背景:
- 高度な獲得免疫不全症候群 (AIDS) は,高いレベルのヒト免疫不全ウイルス (HIV) と免疫不全によって特徴付けられます.
- 現在の治療法では,すべての患者でウイルスの負荷を完全に制御したり,機会性感染症を予防したりすることはできません.
研究 の 目的:
- 進行性エイズ患者の高抗HIV抗体位数を持つドナーの血を用いた受動性抗体療法の有効性を評価する.
- プラズマ輸液がウイルス負荷,免疫状態,および臨床結果に与える影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- エイズが進行した6人の患者は,高抗p24抗体タイターと中和能力で選択されたドナーからプラズマ輸液 (55〜500ml) を受けました.
- 監視には,HIVの抗原血症,受容者の抗体プロファイル,HIV中和,Tリンパ球数,好機性感染症の頻度の評価が含まれていました.
主要な成果:
- 輸液後,HIV抗原血症の即時クリアランスが観察されました.
- 受給者は,ドナーのHIV抗体プロファイルを取得し,HIV中和活性を示した.
- パッシブ抗体効果は最大11週間持続し,プラズマ半減期は約12日であった.
- 輸液は症状の軽減,一時的なTリンパ球の増加,機会性感染症の減少,ウイルス培養能力の低下をもたらしました.
結論:
- パッシブ抗体注入は,高度なAIDSにおけるHIVウイルス性血症と抗体血症を迅速に減らすための有効な戦略です.
- このアプローチは,一時的な受動免疫を与え,HIVを中和させ,機会性感染症を減らすことで臨床結果を改善する可能性がある.
- プラスマ量の最適化とドナーの選択に関するさらなる研究は,HIV/AIDS管理のための被動抗体移植の治療的可能性を高めることができます.
関連する概念動画
Retrovirus Life Cycles
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Active versus Passive Immunity
Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
Active Immunity
Active immunity refers to the resistance one develops...
Active Immunity
Active immunity refers to the resistance one develops...
Immunodeficiency Diseases
Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly
As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...


