局所的な二酸化炭素源の探知
Florian M Schwandner1,2, Michael R Gunson3, Charles E Miller3
1Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA. fschwand@jpl.nasa.gov.
まとめ
NASAの軌道上の炭素観測所-2 (OCO-2) 衛星は,都市部や火山のような自然発生源からの大気中の二酸化炭素 (CO2) を正確にマッピングしています. この技術は,局所的なCO2排出量を高い感度で検出できます.
科学分野:
- 大気科学
- リモートセンシング
- 地化学
背景:
- 大気中の二酸化炭素 (CO2) の濃度は,自然と人為的な源の両方によって影響を受けます.
- 局所的なCO2排出量の正確な測定は,世界の炭素サイクルを理解するために不可欠です.
- 以前の衛星の能力は,点源から微細な二酸化炭素の分布を解決する上で制限がありました.
研究 の 目的:
- NASAの軌道炭素観測所-2 (OCO-2) が局所的な大気中のCO2増強を検知し特徴づける能力を実証する.
- 人為的な都市活動と自然の地質的な源から発生する二酸化炭素を区別する.
- 異なる点源から発生する二酸化炭素の空間的範囲と濃度を評価する.
主な方法:
- OCO-2衛星からの宇宙での測定を活用し,キロメートルの解像度を達成しました.
- ロサンゼルス全域の OCO-2 経路を分析して 都市部における CO2 増強の地図を作成しました
- Yasur火山のダウンウィンドからのOCO-2データを調査し,天然のCO2羽根を特定しました.
主要な成果:
- OCO-2は ロサンゼルスの中心部でCO2の濃度が 顕著に上昇し,約100kmの範囲で減少した.
- ロサンゼルス地域における季節的なCO2の変動は,約4. 4から6. 1百万分の1であった.
- Yasur火山のダウンウィンドで 狭いCO2の羽根が確認され,これは1日当たり41.6キロトンの排出量と一致しています.
結論:
- OCO-2の高い解像度と感度により,局所的な人為的および自然的なCO2源を検出できます.
- この結果は,地域および地方のスケールでのCO2排出量の詳細なモニタリングのためのOCO-2の可能性を強調しています.
- この能力は,炭素排出量調査の改善と地域的な炭素予算の理解に不可欠です.
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