化学反応のトンネル制御:第3の反応性パラダイム
1Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 14, 2017
まとめ
新しい化学反応パラダイムであるトンネリング制御は,高い,狭いエネルギーバリアを通過する反応を記述します. この量子力学的な効果は 製品形成に影響を与え 運動と熱力学的な制御と共に 新たな視点を提供します
科学分野:
- 化学について
- 物理化学
- 量子力学
背景:
- 伝統的な化学反応性は,熱力学および運動制御によって理解されます.
- 量子力学的トンネリングは知られていますが 化学反応の主な制御因子として広く認識されていません
研究 の 目的:
- 化学における独特の反応性パラダイムとしてトンネル制御を導入し,定義する.
- 特定の反応における産物分布の決定におけるその重要性を強調する.
- トンネリング制御を既存の熱力学と運動制御の概念と統合する.
主な方法:
- 化学反応経路の概念分析
- 潜在エネルギーバリアを通過する量子力学的トンネルの理論的記述
- トンネル制御と運動制御と熱力学的制御の比較
主要な成果:
- トンネル制御は反応結果に影響を与える重要な要因として浮上しています.
- トンネリング経由で進行する反応は,古典的動力学によって不利な製品を好むことができる.
- このパラダイムは,簡単で潜在的に認識されていないトンネリング反応のより深い理解を提供します.
結論:
- トンネリング制御は化学反応性の理解に 根本的な追加を表します
- 量子効果が製品選択を支配する反応を分析するための枠組みを提供します.
- この概念は,様々な化学的変異を全面的に理解するために不可欠です.
関連する概念動画
Chemical Reactions
81.9K
A chemical reaction is a process by which the bonds in the atoms of substances are rearranged to generate new substances. Matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction—the same type and number of atoms that make up the reactants are still present in the products. Merely, the rearrangement of chemical bonds produces new compounds.
Chemical Reactions Rearrange Atoms into New Substances
A chemical reaction takes starting materials—the reactants—and changes them...
Chemical Reactions Rearrange Atoms into New Substances
A chemical reaction takes starting materials—the reactants—and changes them...
81.9K
Chemical Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
63.2K
Chemical substances interact in many different ways. Certain chemical reactions exhibit common patterns of reactivity. Due to the vast number of chemical reactions, it becomes necessary to classify them based on the observed patterns of interaction.
63.2K
Chemical Reactions
9.2K
A balanced chemical equation provides the information of chemical formulas of the reactants and products involved in the chemical change. A reaction’s stoichiometry helps predict how much of the reactant is needed to produce the desired amount of product, or in some cases, how much product will be formed from a specific amount of the reactant.
The relative amounts of reactants and products represented in a balanced chemical equation are often referred to as stoichiometric amounts.
The relative amounts of reactants and products represented in a balanced chemical equation are often referred to as stoichiometric amounts.
9.2K
Radical Reactivity: Concentration Effects
1.2K
In a radical reaction, the concentration of starting materials governs the selectivity of a radical. For example, the reaction between an alkyl halide and an alkene, in the presence of tin hydride and AIBN, begins with the generation of a tin radical. The generated radical then abstracts halogen from the alkyl halide, producing an alkyl radical. This alkyl radical can either react with tin hydride, yielding an alkane, or add to an alkene, generating a nitrile-stabilized radical, eventually...
1.2K
Energy Transfer in Chemical Reactions
9.6K
Chemical reactions require sufficient energy to cause the matter to collide with enough precision and force that old chemical bonds can be broken and new ones formed. In general, kinetic energy is the form of energy powering any type of matter in motion. Imagine a person building a brick wall. The energy it takes to lift and place one brick on top of another is the kinetic energy—the energy matter possesses because of its motion. Once the wall is in place, it stores potential energy.
9.6K
Controlled-Current Coulometry: Overview
892
Controlled current coulometry, also known as amperostatic coulometry, is a technique used in electrochemical analysis to measure the quantity of a substance through the controlled passage of current. It involves the application of a constant current to an electrochemical cell containing the analyte of interest. As the current flows through the cell, the analyte undergoes a redox reaction at the electrode surface, resulting in a charge transfer. By monitoring the time required for a certain...
892


