"アマゾンの森林の構成に対するコロンブス以前の植物の家畜化の持続的な影響"に関するコメント
Crystal H McMichael1, Kenneth J Feeley2, Christopher W Dick3,4
1Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. c.n.h.mcmichael@uva.nl.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 21, 2017
まとめ
アマゾンの森林を大きく形づくったのは コロンブスの時代後の活動で 古代の樹木の家畜化ではありません 最近の人間の影響は,現在の森林の組成に,コロンブス以前の慣習よりも大きな影響を与えている.
科学分野:
- エコロジー
- 環境史
- 植物学
背景:
- アマゾンの森林の組成に影響を与えるために,コロンブス以前の木の家畜化が提案されました.
- コロンブスの後の人間の活動がアマゾンの植物に及ぼす影響は,以前の研究ではそれほど重要ではないと考えられていた.
研究 の 目的:
- アマゾンの森林の組成に対するコロンブス以前のとコロンブス後の人間の活動の相対的な貢献を再評価する.
- 最近の人間の行動が 地域の植物に及ぼす 持続的な影響を強調する.
主な方法:
- 過去の土地利用データの比較分析
- コロンブス以前の影響と コロンブス後の影響の両方を含む生態学的モデル.
- アマゾン全域の花のパターンの評価
主要な成果:
- 農業や資源の採掘など,コロンブス後の人間の活動は,コロンブス以前の家畜化よりも深い影響を及ぼしました.
- 観察された花のパターンは,コロンビア時代以降の土地利用の強さと期間と強く相関しています.
- コロンブス以前の影響は 過去5世紀の生態学的変化に 圧倒されています
結論:
- アマゾンの森林の現在の構成は主に コロンブスの後の人間の活動の結果です
- 現代の環境パターンを理解するために 歴史的な生態学的物語を再考することが重要です
- 将来の保全と管理戦略は,最近の人間の影響の遺産を考慮する必要があります.
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