都市環境における生命の進化
Marc T J Johnson1,2, Jason Munshi-South3
1Department of Biology and Center for Urban Environments, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. marc.johnson@utoronto.ca jmunshisouth@fordham.edu.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 4, 2017
まとめ
都市化によって 都市に住む微生物や 植物や動物の進化が進んでいます この都市進化は生物多様性や 害虫の蔓延や人間の健康に 影響を及ぼし 持続可能な都市生活への洞察を与えてくれます
科学分野:
- エコロジー
- 進化生物学
- 都市研究
背景:
- 世界の人口の半分以上は 都市部に住んでいます
- 都市生態学は進歩しているが,都市化の進化的影響は十分に研究されていない.
- 都市の進化を理解することは 生態系の健康と人間の福祉にとって 極めて重要です
研究 の 目的:
- 都市化が都市生物の進化にどのように影響するかを検証する.
- 都市における生物の進化が 生態系と人間の健康に どのように影響するか探求する.
- 都市進化の新興分野の重要性を強調する.
主な方法:
- 都市進化に関する既存の研究の文献レビュー
- 都市環境における適応的および非適応的進化過程に関する発見の統合.
- 地元種,害虫,病気への影響の分析
主要な成果:
- 都市化によって 都市部に生息する動物や植物の 進化の軌道は大きく変化します
- 都市部での成功に役立つだけでなく 害虫や病気の蔓延も促進します
- 都市環境は 遺伝的多様性の変化を誘発する 独特の選択的圧力を表しています
結論:
- 都市進化は 人間が支配する風景における生命を理解する上で 重要な分野です
- 持続可能な人間-都市-生態系の相互作用における 進化の役割について 将来の研究が光を当てます
- 都市進化の研究は,都市における生物多様性と健康管理のための戦略を伝える.
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