入院患者におけるアルコール依存症の流行,検出,治療
R D Moore1, L R Bone, G Geller
1Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
JAMA
|January 20, 1989
まとめ
医者はしばしば,入院患者,特に社会経済的地位の高い患者,または重度の飲酒を否定する患者に,アルコール依存症と乱用を診断することに失敗します. 医者の教育を改善することは,アルコール依存症のより良い検出と治療に不可欠です.
科学分野:
- 医療教育 医療教育について
- 依存症の精神医学 依存症の精神医学
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
背景:
- アルコール依存症とアルコールの乱用は,公衆衛生上の重大な課題を提起しています.
- 効果的な医師教育は,アルコール依存症の正確な診断と治療に不可欠です.
- スクリーニングと早期発見は,アルコール関連疾患の管理の重要な要素です.
研究 の 目的:
- 成人の入院患者のアルコール依存症の罹患率を評価する.
- アルコール依存症の医師の検出および治療率を評価する.
- アルコール依存症の医師の識別と介入に影響を与える要因を特定する.
主な方法:
- 総合的な調査では,ジョンズ・ホプキンス病院の新規の成人入院者全員をアルコール依存症の検査にしました.
- 流行率は,医療部門によって分析されました.
- 医師による診断と治療の割合は,診断に影響を与える要因とともに評価されました.
主要な成果:
- アルコール依存症の罹患率は,部門によって異なっており,精神医学が最も高い率 (30%) を示しています.
- 医師による検出率は,外科および産婦人科では25%未満で,精神科では高かった (>50%).
- 医者は,より高い社会経済的地位,女性,または重度のアルコール使用を否定する患者のアルコール依存症を特定する可能性が低い.
結論:
- 医者が入院患者のアルコール依存症の検出と治療に重大なギャップが存在します.
- 医者のバイアスと患者によって報告された要因は,診断の正確さに影響します.
- 入院中の介入は,退院後のアルコール使用の変化と相関しており,医療教育カリキュラムの改善の必要性を強調しています.
関連する概念動画
Preventive Healthcare Services
Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
Specialized Care Centers and Settings-II
Rural Health Centers
Rural health centers are specialized care facilities in remote locations with very few medical personnel. The primary care providers who run the centers are mostly Registered Nurse Practitioners. Here, emergency treatment is provided to critically ill or injured patients before they are transferred to the closest hospital. Fortunately, due to advancement in technology, many rural healthcare facilities and professionals have easy access to diagnostic and treatment...
Rural health centers are specialized care facilities in remote locations with very few medical personnel. The primary care providers who run the centers are mostly Registered Nurse Practitioners. Here, emergency treatment is provided to critically ill or injured patients before they are transferred to the closest hospital. Fortunately, due to advancement in technology, many rural healthcare facilities and professionals have easy access to diagnostic and treatment...
Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention
Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures
Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
SBAR II: Application of SBAR
SBAR is an effective communication tool used by healthcare professionals to communicate patient information accurately. SBAR stands for Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation. For a better understanding, an example is given below.
SBAR Report from a Nurse to a Health Care Provider
S: "Hello, Dr. Smith. This is Jane, RN, from the Med Surg unit. I am calling to tell you about Ms. White in Room 210, who is experiencing increased pain and redness at her incision site. Her recent...
SBAR Report from a Nurse to a Health Care Provider
S: "Hello, Dr. Smith. This is Jane, RN, from the Med Surg unit. I am calling to tell you about Ms. White in Room 210, who is experiencing increased pain and redness at her incision site. Her recent...
CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine
Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...


