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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

3.9K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

14.5K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

9.1K
Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
9.1K
Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

6.0K
Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
6.0K
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

30.9K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions to Alkenes: Markovnikov's Rule02:17

Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions to Alkenes: Markovnikov's Rule

17.6K
If a set of reactants can yield multiple constitutional isomers, but one of the isomers is obtained as the major product, the reaction is said to be regioselective. In such reactions, bond formation or breaking is favored at one reaction site over others.
The hydrohalogenation of an unsymmetrical alkene can yield two haloalkane products, depending on which vinylic carbon takes up the halogen. However, one product usually predominates, where hydrogen adds to the vinylic carbon bearing the...
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化学選択的水素化反応のための銅基インターメタルエレクトリド触媒

Tian-Nan Ye1,2, Yangfan Lu1,2, Jiang Li1,2

  • 1Materials Research Center for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 4, 2017
PubMed
まとめ

新しい銅基インターメタルエレクトリド触媒であるLaCu0.67Si1.33は,ニトロアレン水素化を著しく強化する. この触媒は,独自の電子特性により,従来の金属触媒よりも高い活性と安定性を示しています.

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科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • カタリシス
  • 表面化学

背景:

  • トランジション・メタル・インターメタリック・コンポーネントは 調節可能な構造を備えて 加強された触媒作用をします
  • 活性サイトを格子フレームワークに組み込むことは,電子特性と触媒性能を調節します.

研究 の 目的:

  • 選択的水素化のための新しい銅ベースの金属間電極触媒を開発する.
  • 新しい材料の触媒活性,選択性,安定性を調査する.

主な方法:

  • LaCu0.67Si1.33のインターメタリック電極の合成と特徴付け.
  • ニトロアレン水素化における触媒性能の評価
  • 速度決定のステップを決定するために,同位体効果を用いた運動分析.

主要な成果:

  • LaCu0.67Si1.33は,金属を搭載した触媒と比較して,ニトロアレン水素化のための40倍以上の回転周波数 (最大5084h-1) を示しています.
  • 触媒は,高いキャリア密度と低い作業機能のために,低活性化エネルギー (14.8 kJ·mol-1) を表している.
  • 高い化学選択性は,触媒の酸素親和によって促進される,ニトロアレンをニトログループ経由で優先吸収することによって達成される.

結論:

  • LaCu0.67Si1.33電化剤は,ナイトロアレン水素化の活性と安定性において従来の金属加熱剤を上回る.
  • 金属間化合物の独特の格子構造と電子特性は,その強化された触媒機能に不可欠です.
  • この研究は,特定の格子サイトに統合された移行金属が,高効率の触媒センターとしての可能性を強調しています.