心血管,呼吸器系および関連疾患:第3版"疾病管理の優先事項"の重要なメッセージ
Dorairaj Prabhakaran1, Shuchi Anand2, David Watkins3
1Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, India; Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India; Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|November 8, 2017
まとめ
心血管,呼吸器系および関連疾患 (CVRD) は,世界の主要な死因です. この研究では,特に低所得国や中所得国において,CVRDの死亡率を減らすための費用対効果の高い介入策が概説されています.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生
- 世界保健
- 予防 医療
背景:
- 心血管,呼吸器系および関連疾患 (CVRD) は,世界的に成人の死亡の主な原因である.
- 高所得国と低所得国および中所得国 (LMICs) の間で,CVRDのケアにおいて大きな格差がある.
- 2030年までにCVRDの早死率を3分の1削減するという国連の持続可能な開発目標を達成することは,多くのLMICにとって課題です.
研究 の 目的:
- CVRDのリスクを軽減し,その状況を管理するための優先措置を特定する.
- CVRD のための重要な介入のコストを提示する.
- LMICがCVRDに関連する持続可能な開発目標を達成するための経路を提供すること.
主な方法:
- 介入の効果と費用対効果に関する体系的な文献レビュー
- 人口レベルでの政策介入の分析
- 主要保健サービスの強化戦略の評価
主要な成果:
- 推奨される人口レベルの介入には タバコの課税,トランス脂肪の禁止,加工食品の塩分削減が含まれます.
- 基本的保健サービスの強化には 地域のガイドラインの制定と 必要な医薬品の確保が含まれます
- 提案された基本的パッケージは,LMICで一人当たり21~24米ドルの追加費用がかかります.
結論:
- 提案された政策と保健サービスパッケージは,CVRDの管理と金融リスク保護の礎となる.
- この重要なパッケージは,LMICが普遍的な健康保険を展開する上で指針となるでしょう.
- 段階的な実施により 各国が疾病負担と予算の制約を考慮して 介入を調整できます
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