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Cell Signaling in Plants01:25

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Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
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Light plays a significant role in regulating the growth and development of plants. In addition to providing energy for photosynthesis, light provides other important cues to regulate a range of developmental and physiological responses in plants.
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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria, phytochromes in plants, and rhodopsins in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebral retina. The light-sensitive property of these receptors is because of the bound chromophores, such as bilin in the phytochromes and retinal in the rhodopsins.
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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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光は,フィトクロム媒介による代替プロモーター選択によってタンパク質の局所化を制御する.

Tomokazu Ushijima1, Kousuke Hanada2, Eiji Gotoh1

  • 1Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.

Cell
|November 14, 2017
PubMed
まとめ

植物光受容体フィトクロームは タンパク質の局所化を変化させるために 代替プロモーターの選択を使用する. このメカニズムは植物が光条件に適応するのを助けます 例えば光呼吸バイパスを作り出すことによってです

キーワード:
代替プロモーター遺伝子発現ライトシグナル写真阻害フォト呼吸フィトクロームタンパク質の局所化

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科学分野:

  • 分子生物学
  • 植物生物学
  • 遺伝学

背景:

  • 代替プロモーターの使用は,単一の遺伝子から複数のプレ-mRNAを生成することによって,プロテオームを拡張します.
  • 正常な生理学的反応における代替プロモーターの役割は完全に理解されていません.

研究 の 目的:

  • 植物光受容体フィトクロームが代替プロモーターの選択にどのように影響するかを調査する.
  • 光に対する反応としてタンパク質の局所化と機能に対する代替プロモーター使用の影響を理解する.

主な方法:

  • アラビドプシス・タリアナの代替プロモーター選択の全ゲノム分析
  • タンパク質イソフォームの特徴と,異なる光条件下での細胞下局所化.

主要な成果:

  • フィトクロームは,代替プロモーターの選択において全ゲノムにわたる変化を誘導する.
  • 異なるN端を持つタンパク質の異形は,光に依存した局所化を示す.
  • 影で育った植物では,光呼吸バイパスとして機能する,細胞質のグリセラートキナーゼ (GLYK) の同型体が確認された.

結論:

  • フィトクロームは,光の変動に適応するために,代替プロモーターの選択を通じてタンパク質の局所化を調節する.
  • 代替プロモーターの使用は,タンパク質の多様化と生物の適応のための重要な規制層である.