草食動物のペクチノリシスシンビオントにおける劇的なゲノム減少

Hassan Salem¹, Eugen Bauer², Roy Kirsch³

¹Insect Symbiosis Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena 07745, Germany; Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30320, USA.

Cell

|November 21, 2017

まとめ

葉虫は腸内細菌に頼って植物細胞壁の固い成分であるペクチンを消化しますこの共生は虫の生存と植物組織を分解する能力に極めて重要です

科学分野:

微生物学
植物生物学
昆虫の生態学

背景:

ペクチンは,ほとんどの動物が消化できない複雑な植物細胞壁のポリサッカリドです.
草食動物はしばしば植物組織を分解するために特殊なメカニズムや微生物の助けを必要とします

研究の目的:

葉虫カッシダ・ルビギノサのペクチン分解能力の源を特定する
昆虫のペクトンの代謝における共生細菌の役割を調査する.

主な方法:

シンビオティックな臓器における遺伝子発現を分析するための比較トランスクリプトミクス.
酵素活性を視覚化するために,ペクチナーゼを標的とする抗体による免疫補給.
ホストの生存率とペクチンの分解能力を評価するシンビオント除去実験.

主要な成果:

カシダ・ルビギノサは特殊な前腸臓器に細胞外細菌を宿しています
シンビオントは,ホモガラクトゥーロンとラムノガラクトゥーロンIを標的とした機能的なペクチノリシス代謝を持っています.
ペクチナーゼの遺伝子発現は共生器官で濃縮され,酵素の蓄積が観察される.
シンビオントを排除するとホストの生存率とペクチンの分解が著しく減少します

結論:

葉虫がペクトンを分解する能力は細胞外細菌の共生体に依存しています
シンビオシスは草食動物が複雑な植物ポリサッカリドを代謝するための戦略を提供する.
この研究は草食動物における微生物共生の生態学的重要性を強調しています

キーワード:

草食動物ペクチン還元性ゲノム進化シンビオシス

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