増殖した遺伝情報を保存し,取り出す半合成生物
Yorke Zhang1, Jerod L Ptacin2, Emil C Fischer1
1Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
Nature
|December 1, 2017
まとめ
科学者たちは 拡張されたDNAのアルファベットを持つ 半合成生物を作り出し より多くの遺伝情報を 保存・回収することができました この突破は 合成生物学を発展させ 非自然的な塩基対が タンパク質合成を 直接的に行うことを可能にしました
科学分野:
- 合成生物学
- 分子生物学
- 遺伝学
背景:
- 生命の遺伝情報は 4文字のDNAアルファベットと 2つの塩基対に依存しています
- 合成生物学の目的は この遺伝システムを拡張することで 新しい生命体を作り出すことです
- 以前の研究では,E. coli*で非自然な塩基対 (dNaM-dTPT3) を有する半合成生物が確認された.
研究 の 目的:
- 拡張された遺伝子コードの in vivo 転写と翻訳を証明する.
- 不自然な塩基対を用いてサイト固有のアミノ酸の組み込みを可能にします.
- 新しい生物学的機能の創造のためのプラットフォームを確立する.
主な方法:
- 不自然な塩基対dNaM-dTPT3を含むDNAを輸入し複製するために設計されたE. coli.
- 不自然なDNAコドンのmRNAへのインビボトランスクリプションを達成した.
- アミノ酸の組み込みのための同類のtRNAとリボソームを用いた非自然なコドンの翻訳が実証された.
主要な成果:
- dNaM-dTPT3で不自然なコドンを含むmRNAに成功して転写した.
- 非自然なコドンの効率的なリボソーム解読を特定tRNAで示した.
- 自然および非正規のアミノ酸を,スーパーフォルダの緑色光タンパク質に局所的に組み込む.
結論:
- 非自然な塩基対は,in vivoで効率的に転写され,翻訳することができます.
- 非水素結合の相互作用は,遺伝情報の保存と回収に不可欠です.
- この拡張された遺伝システムは 新しい合成生命体と機能の基礎となる.
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