火星の原始的な粘土は,蒸気や超臨界大気の下から形成された
Kevin M Cannon1,2, Stephen W Parman1, John F Mustard1
1Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
Nature
|December 9, 2017
まとめ
火星の粘土鉱物は 液体の水ではなく マグマの海冷却中に 濃厚な蒸気大気から形成されたようです この原始的な粘土層は 火星の地殻の奥深くに存在し その現在の分布と地殻の密度を説明しています
科学分野:
- 惑星科学
- 地質学
- 天体生物学
背景:
- 火星のノアヒア時代 (4.1~3.7億年前) の地形には粘土鉱物が豊富に存在する.
- 前述の理論では 塩基岩殻が液体の水と反応して 粘土が形成されたとされています
- 火星の粘土の起源は 惑星の進化における重要な問題です
研究 の 目的:
- 火星の粘土形成の代替仮説を提案し 検証する
- 粘土の発生における密度の高い蒸気/超臨界大気の役割を調査する.
- 火星の原始的な粘土の 長期的運命をモデル化するためです
主な方法:
- 火星の初期の大気条件下での粘土形成の実験シミュレーション
- 粘土層の生存と分布を追跡するための地殻進化モデリング.
- 火星地質観測の文脈における実験データとモデル出力の分析.
主要な成果:
- 実験的証拠は,蒸気/CO2の大気から高圧および高温で迅速な粘土形成を支持しています.
- 地殻の進化モデルでは 原始的な粘土は 衝突や火山による埋葬から生き残っていることが示されています
- シミュレートされた粘土層の進化は,軌道データと一致する限られた,深い曝露をもたらします.
結論:
- マグマの海洋冷却中の濃い蒸気/超臨界大気は,火星の粘土の主な源であると考えられます.
- 深い粘土層の存続は 現在の粘土の分布と火星の低密度を説明する.
- この発見は,初期の火星の水層と地質学的過程の理解を洗練します.
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