固有の免疫は,幹細胞のウイルス抵抗を形作る
Xianfang Wu1, Viet Loan Dao Thi1, Yumin Huang2
1Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Cell
|December 19, 2017
まとめ
哺乳類の幹細胞は,インターフェロン刺激遺伝子 (ISG) の発現により,ウイルス感染症に対する固有の耐性を有する. この先天的な保護は ウイルスの挑戦中に 幹細胞の健康と分化の可能性を維持するために 極めて重要です
科学分野:
- 幹細胞生物学
- 免疫学
- ウイルス学
背景:
- 幹細胞は微分化した細胞よりもウイルス感染に対する抵抗性が高い.
- この抵抗性の基礎となる 分子メカニズムは ほとんど未知のままです
研究 の 目的:
- 哺乳類の幹細胞とその分化した同胞の遺伝子発現パターンを調査する.
- ウイルス感染に対する幹細胞抵抗のメカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- 幹細胞と分化細胞の比較遺伝子発現分析
- 異なる細胞タイプにおけるインターフェロン反応の評価
- インビヴォとインビトロ ウイルスチャレンジ実験
主要な成果:
- 幹細胞は,外部インターフェロン刺激なしに,インターフェロン刺激遺伝子 (ISG) のサブセットを内在的に発現する.
- この固有のISG発現は細胞型特異であり,分化時に減少する.
- 本質的に発現したISGは,幹細胞におけるウイルス感染に対する保護を与える.
- 内在ISG発現は,ウイルスの感染中に幹細胞とその分化能力を保護するために不可欠です.
結論:
- インターフェロン刺激遺伝子 (ISG) の内在的発現は,幹細胞の抗ウイルス防御の重要なメカニズムです.
- この先天的な免疫は,幹細胞の機能とウイルスの脅威に対する差異化の可能性を保つのに不可欠です.
- 発見は幹細胞生物学と 病原体耐性の進化の洞察を 提供しています
関連する概念動画
01:29Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
2.1K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
2.1K
01:23Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response
9.1K
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
9.1K
01:27Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response
7.6K
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
7.6K
01:01Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
4.1K
All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
4.1K
01:18Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells
4.5K
A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
4.5K
01:19Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
3.9K
The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
3.9K