感染が再発すると,腸の炎症に対する宿主の保護が徐々に無効になります
Won Ho Yang1,2,3, Douglas M Heithoff1,3, Peter V Aziz1,2,3
1Center for Nanomedicine, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 23, 2017
まとめ
サルモネラ・ティフィムリウム感染が再発すると,保護性アルカリリンフォスファターゼを無効にすることで,腸内炎症が持続する. 性ファスファターゼを回復させたり,神経アミニダゼを抑制したりすることで,大腸炎の治療の可能性が生まれます.
科学分野:
- 胃腸内科
- 免疫学
- 微生物学
背景:
- 腸炎や炎症性腸疾患の特徴である腸炎は 未知の環境要因によって引き起こされます
- サルモネラ・エンテリカ・ティフィムリウム (ST) 感染症は食物中毒の一般的な原因であり,腸炎を引き起こす可能性があります.
研究 の 目的:
- ST感染が持続的な腸炎を引き起こすメカニズムを調査する.
- ST感染によって破壊された宿主の保護機構を特定する.
- ST誘発性腸炎の治療戦略を探求する.
主な方法:
- ネズミのモデルにおける再発性非致死性胃性 ST感染症の誘導
- 腸の炎症,病原体のクリアランス,および疾患の重度の評価.
- 腸内アルカリリンフォスファターゼ (IAP) の活動とトール型受容体4 (TLR4) のシグナル伝達を含む宿主保護機構の分析.
- IAP投与またはニューラミニダース阻害剤による治療介入の評価
主要な成果:
- 再発性ST感染症は,病原体のクリアランス後でも,主に大腸で,持続的でエスカレートする腸炎を引き起こしました.
- ST感染は内在的なニューアミニダース活性を引き起こし,重要な保護酵素であるIAPの解離とクリアランスを加速させた.
- IAP基質であるリポポリサカリド・フォスファートの蓄積によるTLR4の活性化と関連していた.
- IAPまたはニューアミニダース阻害剤の投与は,IAPの量と機能を保持することによって,病気を改善しました.
結論:
- ST感染は,IAPを含む重要な宿主防御機構を混乱させ,慢性腸炎を引き起こします.
- TLR4媒介によるIAPの脱塩は,ST誘発大腸炎の病原性における重要な経路である.
- IAPのレベルを回復したり,神経アミニダースの活性を抑制したりすることは,炎症性腸疾患に対する有望な治療法です.
さらに関連する動画
関連する概念動画
01:26Stages of Infection
65.6K
Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
65.6K
01:30Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease
1.3K
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
1.3K
01:26Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
13.9K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
13.9K
01:23Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells
3.3K
The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
3.3K
01:17Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology
1.4K
Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
1.4K
01:23Immunological Memory
17.1K
Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
17.1K