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関連する概念動画

Secondary Active Transport01:55

Secondary Active Transport

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One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
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Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
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Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

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Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
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Balancing Redox Equations02:58

Balancing Redox Equations

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Electrochemistry is the science involved in the interconversion of electrical and chemical reactions. Such reactions are called reduction-oxidation, or redox reactions. These important reactions are defined by changes in oxidation states for one or more reactant elements and include a subset of reactions involving the transfer of electrons between reactant species. Electrochemistry as a field has evolved to yield sufficient insights on the fundamental principles of redox chemistry and multiple...
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Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

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Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
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Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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A Protocol for Electrochemical Evaluations and State of Charge Diagnostics of a Symmetric Organic Redox Flow Battery
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A Protocol for Electrochemical Evaluations and State of Charge Diagnostics of a Symmetric Organic Redox Flow Battery

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レドックス活性非結合ポリマーによる電荷輸送のための拡散協力モデル

Kan Sato1, Rieka Ichinoi1, Ryusuke Mizukami1

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University , Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|December 26, 2017
PubMed
まとめ

ポリマーの電荷輸送は,移動が限られているため遅い. 新しい超分子システムの設計はこれを克服し,高度な材料のための高い電荷伝送率を達成します.

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An Experimental and Finite Element Protocol to Investigate the Transport of Neutral and Charged Solutes across Articular Cartilage
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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Feb 16, 2026

A Protocol for Electrochemical Evaluations and State of Charge Diagnostics of a Symmetric Organic Redox Flow Battery
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An Experimental and Finite Element Protocol to Investigate the Transport of Neutral and Charged Solutes across Articular Cartilage
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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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科学分野:

  • 電気化学
  • ポリマー科学
  • 材料化学

背景:

  • 非結合型リドックス活性ポリマーにおける電荷輸送は,エネルギー貯蔵アプリケーションにおいて極めて重要です.
  • 以前の研究では,手数料の移転率が遅いことが示されたが,定量的な説明は得られなかった.
  • ポリマー鎖内のリドックスセンターの限られた移動性は疑われるが証明されていない原因であった.

研究 の 目的:

  • レドックス活性ポリマーにおける減少電荷移転速度の定数を定量的に説明する.
  • このようなシステムで充電輸送を強化するための新しい設計を提案する.
  • 自由な溶液システムに匹敵する高い電荷伝送率の定数と場所の密度を達成する.

主な方法:

  • 電荷輸送メカニズムを分析するために拡散協力モデルを使用した.
  • ポリマーに結合した酸化還元センターの制限されたブラウン運動の影響を調査した.
  • レドックス活性超分子システムを提案し,理論的に評価した.

主要な成果:

  • 限られたブラウン運動による二分子と異質の電荷移転速度の定数の10^3-4^倍減少を定量的に実証した.
  • リドックスセンターの 制限された動きが 遅い電荷移転の 長い間説明されていない原因だと
  • レドックスセンターのための高物理的移動性を示す超分子システムを設計した.

結論:

  • 非結合ポリマーのリドックスセンターの限られた物理的移動性は,電荷の移転を著しく阻害する.
  • 新種のリドックス活性超分子システムの設計は これらの制限を克服できます
  • このアプローチにより,高いサイト密度で 10^7 M^-1 s^-1 を超える電荷伝送率の定数を実現し,次世代の電気化学装置の道を開くことができます.