サティ・マンガベイ の ゲノム 配列 は,自然 の SIV 宿主 の エイズ 耐性 に 関する 洞察 を 与え て い ます
David Palesch1, Steven E Bosinger1,2, Gregory K Tharp1
1Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA.
Nature
|January 5, 2018
まとめ
マンガ蜂は,トール型受容体-4 (TLR4) と細胞間粘着分子2 (ICAM-2) のような免疫遺伝子の独特の遺伝的変異により,猿の免疫不全ウイルス (SIV) 感染に抵抗し,エイズの発症を防ぐ.
科学分野:
- 比較ゲノミクス
- 免疫学
- 類人猿の遺伝学
背景:
- Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) 感染症はマカクや人間にエイズを引き起こすが,マカクには病原性がない.
- この抵抗性の遺伝的基礎を理解することは HIV/AIDSの研究にとって極めて重要です
研究 の 目的:
- 非病原性SIV感染の原因となる宿主遺伝因子 (Cercocebus atys) の特定
- エイズに敏感な種のゲノムを比較する
主な方法:
- ゲノム配列解析と捕らわれたマングベイの組み立て
- マンガビー,マカク,ヒトのゲノム全体の比較トランスクリプトミックの解析
- 免疫関連の遺伝子の配列分岐分析
主要な成果:
- マンガミツバチとマカク/ヒトの免疫関連遺伝子の有意な配列の相違を特定した.
- TLR-4リガンドに対する鈍感な反応につながる,トール型受容体-4 (TLR4) 遺伝子のフレームシフト変異を発見した.
- 細胞間粘着分子2 (ICAM-2) のエクソン3−4の構造変化が発見され,その結果,細胞表面表現が低下した.
結論:
- TLR4とICAM-2の遺伝的変異は,サティマンガビーの非病原性SIV感染を説明する可能性がある.
- これらの発見はエイズの病原性と宿主抵抗性メカニズムについての洞察を提供します.
- 配列化されたゲノムは 将来の比較研究にとって 価値ある資源となります
関連する概念動画
Genomics
40.9K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
40.9K
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
9.2K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
9.2K
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance
37.3K
Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
37.3K
What is Natural Selection?
129.9K
Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
129.9K
Cis-regulatory Sequences
11.9K
Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
11.9K
Nature and Nurture
22.5K
Many human characteristics, like height, are shaped by both nature—in other words, by our genes—and by nurture, or our environment. For example, chronic stress during childhood inhibits the production of growth hormones and consequently reduces bone growth and height. Scientists estimate that 70-90% of variation in height is due to genetic differences among individuals, and 10-30% of variation in height is due to differences in the environments that individuals experience,...
22.5K


