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寄生植物Cuscuta campestrisからのマイクロRNA ターゲットホストメッセンジャーRNA
Saima Shahid1,2, Gunjune Kim3, Nathan R Johnson1,2
1Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
Nature
|January 5, 2018
まとめ
ドッダー寄生植物は,宿主遺伝子発現を調節するためにマイクロRNA (miRNA) を使用する. これらの植物由来のmiRNAは宿主mRNAを標的とし,遺伝子サイレンスに影響を与え,寄生虫の成長を促します.
科学分野:
- 植物生物学
- 遺伝学
- 分子生物学
背景:
- ドードル (Cuscuta spp.) ハウストリアを使って 宿主植物と繋がる 義務寄生虫です
- ハウストリアは,宿主と寄生虫の間でマイクロRNA (miRNA) を含む分子の移転を容易にする.
- これらの移転された分子,特にmiRNAsの植物寄生性の機能的役割はほとんど不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- Cuscuta campestrisから宿主植物に移されたマイクロRNA (miRNA) の役割を調査する.
- これらのmiRNAが宿主遺伝子の発現を調節し,寄生虫の相互作用に影響を与えるかどうかを決定する.
- 植物寄生性のウイルス性因子としてのこれらのmiRNAの可能性を調査する.
主な方法:
- アラビドプシス・タリアナの寄生過程におけるCuscuta campestris haustoriaにおけるマイクロRNA (miRNA) 蓄積の分析
- C. カンペストリス由来ミRNAによって調節されるA. タリアナの標的メッセンジャーRNA (mRNA) の識別
- 宿主遺伝子発現と二次小干渉RNA (siRNA) 産生に対するmiRNAターゲティングの影響の評価.
- ターゲットのmRNAロシオが変化したA.タリアナ変異体におけるC.campestrisの成長の評価
- Nicotiana benthamianaを寄生させるC. campestrisのmiRNA活性に関する比較分析
主要な成果:
- Cuscuta campestris haustoriaは,寄生活動中に22核酸マイクロRNA (miRNA) の高いレベルを蓄積する.
- これらのC. campestrisのmiRNAは,特定のA. thalianaのmRNAを標的にし,分裂させ,mRNAの蓄積を減少させ,二次的な小干渉RNA (siRNA) の生成につながります.
- A.タリアナの標的mRNAロキーの変異は,C.キャンペストリスの成長を著しく強化した.
- 特定されたmiRNAは,Nicotiana benthamianaを含む異なる宿主種で保存され,活性化しています.
- 他の植物種における標的mRNAのホモログは,C. campestrisの標的miRNAの予測されたサイトを含んでいる.
結論:
- Cuscuta campestrisは,寄生性の間に宿主遺伝子発現を操作するために特定のマイクロRNA (miRNA) を利用します.
- これらの植物由来miRNAは,宿主mRNAを標的とし,潜在的に毒性因子として作用します.
- この発見は,種間 miRNA 調節によって媒介される植物-寄生虫の相互作用の新しいメカニズムを明らかにしています.
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