食中のトレハロースは,流行性Clostridium difficileの毒性を高める
J Collins1, C Robinson2, H Danhof1
1Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Nature
|January 9, 2018
まとめ
2つのClostridium difficile菌株 (RT027とRT078) は,糖トリハロースを代謝するために進化した. この適応は食品添加物としてのトレハロースに関連しており,その増加した流行と毒性を説明する可能性がある.
科学分野:
- 微生物学
- 感染症
- 分子生物学
背景:
- クラストリジウム・ディフィシル感染 (CDI) は,医療関連の主要な病原体です.
- ハイパーウイルス性のClostridium difficileのリボタイプ (RT027およびRT078) の発生は完全に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- 流行性Clostridium difficile菌株の発生と高毒性のメカニズムを調査する.
- クロストリジウム・ディフィシルの進化におけるトレハロース代謝の役割を決定する.
主な方法:
- 流行性Clostridium difficileのリボタイプに関するゲノム解析
- トレハロースの代謝を評価する生化学的測定法
- クロストリジウム・ディフィシル感染のイン・ビボマウスモデル.
主要な成果:
- RT027株は,トリハロース抑制体の変異によりトリハロースに対する感受性が高まっている.
- 食中のトレハロースは,マウスモデルでRT027の毒性を高めます.
- RT078菌株は,低トリハロース濃度での成長を可能にする遺伝子クラスターを持っています.
結論:
- トレハロース代謝経路の獲得は,流行性Clostridium difficile菌株に対する重要な適応です.
- 食中のトレハロースが増加し,これらの菌株に特化した可能性があり,その出現と高毒性に貢献しています.
関連する概念動画
01:23Dietary Connections
62.3K
In biological systems, most metabolic pathways are interconnected. The cellular respiration processes that convert glucose to ATP—such as glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle—tie into those that break down other organic compounds. As a result, various foods—from apples to cheese to guacamole—end up as ATP. In addition to carbohydrates, food also contains proteins and lipids—such as cholesterol and fats. All of these organic compounds are used...
62.3K
01:28Proteins: Dietary Sources and Requirements
1.8K
Consuming animal-based products offers high-quality proteins that contain optimal levels and combinations of essential amino acids, crucial for tissue repair and growth. Foods like eggs, milk, fish, and most meats are a source of complete proteins. Legumes and cereals are abundant in proteins; however, they typically lack a full range of essential amino acids. As a result, they are considered incomplete protein sources. Some plant sources like soybeans, quinoa, and amaranth do contain complete...
1.8K
01:15Carbohydrates: Dietary Sources and Requirements
1.9K
Carbohydrates are predominantly obtained from plant sources. With the exception of lactose found in milk and insignificant glycogen amounts in meat, most consumed carbohydrates have plant origins. Monosaccharides and disaccharides, or sugars, can be sourced from fruits, honey, milk, sugar cane, and sugar beets. Grains and vegetables are rich in the polysaccharide starch. Two types of polysaccharides provide fiber: cellulose, which is abundant in many vegetables, forms undigestible roughage or...
1.9K
01:18Lipids: Dietary Sources and Requirements
2.2K
Lipids are an essential component of a balanced human diet. Triglycerides, which make up the majority of dietary lipids, are found in both saturated fats—commonly present in meat, dairy products, and certain tropical plants like coconut, and hydrogenated oils such as margarine and baking shortenings (trans fats)—and unsaturated fats, which are abundant in seeds, nuts, olive oil, and most vegetable oils. The main sources of cholesterol include egg yolks, various meats and organ...
2.2K
03:00Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification
5.8K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
5.8K
01:16Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement
278
Body:Bioavailability is a critical factor in determining a drug's effectiveness. It refers to the proportion of a drug that enters the circulation when introduced into the body and is, as a result, able to have an active effect. Enhancing bioavailability is essential for drugs with poor solubility, as it can significantly impact their therapeutic efficacy. Various methods are employed to increase the solubility of drugs, thereby enhancing their bioavailability.Micronization and nanonization are...
278