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Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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pH Scale02:41

pH Scale

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Hydronium and hydroxide ions are present both in pure water and in all aqueous solutions, and their concentrations are inversely proportional as determined by the ion product of water (Kw). The concentrations of these ions in a solution are often critical determinants of the solution’s properties and the chemical behaviors of its other solutes. Two different solutions can differ in their hydronium or hydroxide ion concentrations by a million, billion, or even trillion times. A common means of...
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Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy: Organic Radicals01:17

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy: Organic Radicals

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Ideally, an unpaired electron shows a single peak in the EPR spectrum due to the transition between the two spin energy states. However, coupling interactions can occur between the spins of the unpaired electron and any neighboring spin-active nuclei. This hyperfine coupling results in hyperfine splitting, where the EPR signal is split into multiplets. The signals split into 2nI + 1 peaks, where n is the number of equivalent nuclei and I is the nuclear spin. These splitting patterns provide...
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The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
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Electron Carriers01:24

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Electron carriers can be thought of as electron shuttles. These compounds can easily accept electrons (i.e., be reduced) or lose them (i.e., be oxidized). They play an essential role in energy production because cellular respiration is contingent on the flow of electrons.
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関連する実験動画

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Residue-Free Fabrication of van der Waals Heterostructures of Two-Dimensional Materials
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光活性有機ヘテロ構造におけるセンチメートルスケールの電子拡散

Quinn Burlingame1, Caleb Coburn2, Xiaozhou Che3

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.

Nature
|January 18, 2018
PubMed
まとめ

電子の拡散をセンチメートルスケールで実現する オーガニック半導体装置を開発しました オーガニック・エレクトロニクスの限界を克服し,性能を向上させるため,かなり長い充電拡散長さを可能にします.

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科学分野:

  • オーガニックの電子機器
  • 半導体物理学
  • 材料科学

背景:

  • オーガニック半導体は 柔軟性や軽さといった ユニークな特性を持ち ディスプレイや照明やエネルギー生成の 応用に不可欠です
  • しかし,有機物質の固有障害は,低電荷キャリアの移動性と短い拡散長さ (< 1 マイクロメートル) を含む,不良の電気特性につながります.

研究 の 目的:

  • 有機半導体における電荷輸送の限界を克服できる光活性有機ヘテロ構造を実証する.
  • オーガニックな材料で,かなり長い電荷拡散の長さを達成し,測定する.

主な方法:

  • フラーレンのチャンネルを持つ光活性有機ヘテロ構造の製造.
  • エクシトン解離のための電子阻害層とドナー:C70フルレンヘテロ結合の統合.
  • シンプルな拡散モデルを使用してフルレンチャネルにおける電子拡散の測定.

主要な成果:

  • フルレンのチャネルでセンチメートルスケールの電子拡散を証明した.
  • 室温でC60チャネルで0.83 ±0.07cm2/sのチャージ拡散率を測定した.
  • 典型的な有機システムより大きさの3~5センチメートル以上の電荷拡散長度を達成した.

結論:

  • 開発された有機ヘテロ構造は,有機半導体における電荷拡散長さを大幅に高めます.
  • この進歩は,かつてない充電輸送能力を持つ高性能な有機電子機器の道を開きます.
  • この発見は,有機物質の輸送制限に関する既存の理解に異議を唱える.