血液形成幹細胞から複雑な分化パターンへ

Elisa Laurenti¹, Berthold Göttgens¹

¹Department of Haematology and Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Nature

|January 25, 2018

まとめ

幹細胞から血球が形成される過程である血液形成は新しい研究によって再定義されていますこれらの発見は幹細胞の機能の理解と血液疾患の治療法の開発に影響を与えます

科学分野:

血液学
幹細胞生物学
発達生物学

背景:

血液形成幹細胞 (HSC) とその分化経路は,幹細胞研究と組織維持の古典的なモデルである.
階層的な血液形成の分化樹の伝統的な見方は広く受け入れられている.
血液形成の理解は,基礎科学と臨床応用の両方にとって極めて重要です.

研究の目的:

血液形成の確立された概念に異議を唱える最近の発見をレビューし,合成する.
幹細胞の集団,細胞運命を決定し,血液生成に関する新しいデータの影響について議論する.
大人の幹細胞の機能と治療戦略に対する進化する見方の影響を強調する.

主な方法:

血液形成の研究における最近の研究と技術の進歩に関する文献レビュー.
幹細胞と祖先細胞の間の伝統的な境界線を異視するデータの分析
細胞の運命選択と安定状態の血液生成に関する発見の統合.

主要な成果:

最近の研究では造血幹細胞と前身細胞の明確な区別が疑問視されています
分化中の細胞運命を決定するタイミングは再評価中です.
幹細胞と多能原幹細胞が血液生成の維持に果たす役割は再定義されています

結論:

進化する血液形成モデルは成人幹細胞の生物学の理解を修正する必要がある.
血液形成に関する新しい洞察は血液疾患の革新的な治療法を開発する可能性を秘めています
造血幹細胞のダイナミックな性質は,再生医療と疾患治療に重要な意味を持っています.

さらに関連する動画

06:40

Directed Dopaminergic Neuron Differentiation from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: September 15, 2014

17.2K

08:11

Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells into Oligodendrocyte Precursors

Published on: May 19, 2010

15.8K

関連する概念動画

01:33

Adult Stem Cells

33.9K

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...

33.9K

00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

32.7K

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

32.7K

00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

5.3K

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

5.3K

01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

28.2K

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...

28.2K

01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

3.2K

The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.

3.2K

01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

17.0K

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...