胎児アルコールスペクトル障害の発生率は,米国の4つの地域において
Philip A May1,2, Christina D Chambers3,4, Wendy O Kalberg2
1University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill.
JAMA
|February 8, 2018
まとめ
胎児アルコールスペクトル障害 (FASD) は,2010年から2016年の研究に基づいて,米国における1年生の1.1%から5.0%に影響します. これらの発見は,これらの終身障害に関する最新の流行データが必要であることを強調しています.
科学分野:
- 小児科
- 公衆衛生
- 神経科学
背景:
- 胎児アルコールスペクトル障害 (FASD) は,米国の人口の多様性に関する現在の流行データに限られた,重大な終身障害を表しています.
- 以前の推定では,1000人に10人の罹患率を示していたが,より新しい大規模な研究が必要である.
研究 の 目的:
- 胎児アルコール症候群,部分的な胎児アルコール症候群,アルコール関連の神経発達障害を含む,米国の4つの異なる地域におけるFASDの罹患率を推定する.
- 現代の多様な集団でFASDの流行数を更新する.
主な方法:
- 横断的な研究では,2010年から2016年にかけて,米国の4つのコミュニティの1年生を評価した.
- 体系的な評価は4つの主要な領域をカバーしました. 変形性特徴,身体的成長,神経行動的発達,産前アルコール露出.
- 6,639人の1年生からデータを収集し,保守的で加重された罹患率の推定値に焦点を当てた分析を行いました.
主要な成果:
- この研究では,6,639人の1年生のうち,FASDの222例が特定されました.
- FASDの保守的な流行率は,1000人に11. 3から50. 0 (1. 1から5. 0%) であった.
- 推計された流行率は,1000人当たり31.1から98. 5 (3. 1から9. 9%) の範囲を示した.
結論:
- 保守的な見積もりの方法を用いて,米国の研究されたコミュニティの1年生におけるFASDの推定罹患率は1. 1%から5. 0%に低下しています.
- これらの結果は,より古いデータと比較して,より現在の,そして潜在的に正確な米国での流行の見積もりを提供します.
- これらの見積もりを全米のコミュニティに一般化することは限られているかもしれません.
さらに関連する動画
関連する概念動画
Prevalence and Incidence
1.2K
In statistical epidemiology and health sciences, two essential metrics—prevalence and incidence—are fundamental for understanding disease dynamics within a population. These measures enable public health officials, epidemiologists, and researchers to assess the burden of diseases, allocate resources effectively, and design impactful public health policies and interventions.
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health...
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health...
1.2K
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep
288
Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
288
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
570
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
570
Autism Spectrum Disorder
718
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
718
Hypothesis Test for Test of Independence
6.1K
The test of independence is a chi-square-based test used to determine whether two variables or factors are independent or dependent. This hypothesis test is used to examine the independence of the variables. One can construct two qualitative survey questions or experiments based on the variables in a contingency table. The goal is to see if the two variables are unrelated (independent) or related (dependent). The null and alternative hypotheses for this test are:
H0: The two variables (factors)...
H0: The two variables (factors)...
6.1K
CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine
775
Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
775


