陸上 歩行 の 神経 基質 の 古代 の 起源
Heekyung Jung1, Myungin Baek1, Kristen P D'Elia1
1Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Cell
|February 10, 2018
まとめ
脊椎動物の手足の制御に不可欠な 歩行のための神経回路は 古代の魚に起源があります この小さなスケートに存在する回路は テトラポッドの進化以前の 保存された遺伝子プログラムを示しています
科学分野:
- 進化生物学
- 神経科学
- 発達生物学
背景:
- 歩くことは地上の脊椎動物にとって主要な運動です.
- 歩行を制御する 神経回路の進化の起源は不明です
- 古代の起源を示唆する 歩くような行動を示す魚もいます
研究 の 目的:
- 原始的な海洋脊椎動物の 歩行神経基板の存在を調査する
- 脊椎動物の進化において 手足の制御に不可欠な 神経回路の出現を 決定する
主な方法:
- 約4億2000万年前にテトラポッドから 引き離された種で
- スケートの骨盤翼の動きを分析して 左から右の交代と 相互の伸縮-屈折のような四足歩行の特徴を調べた
- 羽根/四肢の筋肉内置の保存されたホックスの転写因子依存遺伝プログラムを調べた.
主要な成果:
- 小型のスケートは 四足の動きの特徴を示しています
- 選択的な翼/四肢の筋肉内化に不可欠な保存されたホックス遺伝子のネットワークは,スケートに存在します.
- この遺伝子ネットワークは 軸筋ベースの水泳回路とは異なるもので,現代の多くの魚では 減少しているようである.
結論:
- 歩くための神経回路は 脊椎動物が共有する 遺伝的規制ネットワークから進化しました
- これらの発見は 歩行のための基本的な神経構造が 陸への移行より先にあることを示しています
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