都市部における有機排出量の最大の石油化学源として浮動性化学製品が浮上している
Brian C McDonald1,2, Joost A de Gouw3,2, Jessica B Gilman2
1Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA. brian.mcdonald@noaa.gov.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 17, 2018
まとめ
都市部における揮発性有機化合物 (VOC) 排出の半分は揮発性化学製品 (VCP) によるもので,輸送から消費財への人間の曝露が移っています. これは二次有機エロソルのための空気質規制の重大なギャップを突出しています.
科学分野:
- 大気化学と空気質
- 環境科学
- 公衆衛生
背景:
- 都市空気の質は,揮発性有機化合物 (VOC) の排出によってますます影響を受けています.
- 輸送関連のVOC排出量は米国とヨーロッパで減少しています.
- 都市部におけるVOCの主要な発生源に関する知識の欠如がある.
研究 の 目的:
- 都市部におけるVOC排出量に対する揮発性化学製品 (VCP) の貢献度を定量化する.
- エアロゾールへの人間の曝露に対するVCPの影響を評価する.
- VCPと二次有機エアロゾール形成に関する規制のギャップを特定する.
主な方法:
- 詳細な質量バランスアプローチを用いてVCPの排出量を推定した.
- 都市空気の質の測定 (室内と室外) との比較
- 化石起源の炭酸エロゾールの化学組成を分析した.
主要な成果:
- 揮発性化学製品 (VCP) は,工業都市における化石燃料によるVOC排出量の50%を占めています.
- VCPの排出量は,観測された都市空気の測定値と一致し,重要な貢献を示しています.
- 化石由来炭酸エアロゾールへの人間の曝露は,輸送からVCPの源へと変化しています.
結論:
- VCPの使用は都市部におけるVOC排出量の 主要な要因であるが,しばしば見過ごされている.
- 現在,米国でVCPに関する規制は,二次有機エロゾールの形成に不十分に対応しています.
- VCPの排出による健康と環境への影響を軽減するために,政策と規制の更新が必要です.
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