安価な医療法による保険の提供と産前医療の利用と出産の結果との関連
Jamie R Daw1, Benjamin D Sommers2,3
1Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
JAMA
|February 17, 2018
まとめ
安価な医療法で,若者が親の保険に加入することを許可したことで,出産の支払い源と産前ケアの使用が改善され,24~25歳の未熟児の出産がわずかに減少しました. このポジティブな効果は,未婚の女性の中で最も顕著でした.
科学分野:
- 医療サービス研究
- 公衆衛生政策
- 生殖 健康
背景:
- 低価格医療法 (ACA) は,若者が26歳まで両親の健康保険に加入することを許す依存保険の規定を導入しました.
- この規定が妊娠に関連した医療利用と出産の結果に与える影響は,ほとんど未検討のままです.
研究 の 目的:
- ACAの扶養保険の規定と出産保険の支払いの変化との関連を調べる
- 産前ケアへのアクセスと 出産の結果に及ぼす影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 遡及的なコホート研究では,個人レベルの出生証明書のデータを使用しました.
- 差異分析では,24~25歳の女性 (被曝) と27~28歳の女性 (対照群) を,規定の制定前 (2009年) と施行後 (2011年~2013年) で比較した.
- 結果には,出産の支払源,出産前ケアのタイミングと適切さ,乳児の健康指標が含まれていました.
主要な成果:
- 扶養保険の規定は,民間保険の支払いの増加と,若い女性の出産に対するメディケイド/自費支払いの減少と相関しています.
- 早期に適切な産前ケアを利用する割合は,対照群と比較して有意に増加した.
- 低出生体重,NICU入院,帝王切開による出産の割合は有意な変化を示さなかった.
- 階層化された分析では,支払,産前ケア,早産率の改善は,未婚の女性に集中していることが示されました.
結論:
- ACA依存保険の規定は,出産に対する保険の改善と,若い成人の産前ケアへのアクセスの改善と関連していました.
- この規定は,特に未婚の女性における早産の減少に,わずかな影響があることが示されました.
- 帝王切開,低出生体重,またはNICU入院率に重大な影響は認められなかった.
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