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What is Meiosis?01:36

What is Meiosis?

258.0K
Meiosis is the process by which diploid cells divide to produce haploid daughter cells. In humans, each diploid cell contains 46 chromosomes, half from the mother and half from the father. Following meiosis, the resulting haploid eggs or sperm only contain 23 chromosomes; however, each of these chromosomes contains a unique combination of parental information that results from the meiotic process of crossing over.
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Meiosis II01:57

Meiosis II

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Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each...
209.0K
Meiosis I01:49

Meiosis I

220.0K
Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by...
220.0K
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

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For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
19.1K
Switching of BJT01:22

Switching of BJT

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Switching behavior in Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) is a fundamental aspect utilized in various electronic circuits, particularly for digital logic applications like switches and amplifiers. In a typical switching circuit, a BJT alternates between cut-off and saturation modes, corresponding to the "off" and "on" states, respectively, thus behaving like an ideal switch.
Cut-off Mode ("Off" State): In this state, both the emitter-base and collector-base junctions are...
876

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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Single Molecule Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization smFISH Analysis in Budding Yeast Vegetative Growth and Meiosis
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メイオシス中のトランスクリプト同型変異によって引き起こされる広範囲にわたる調整されたタンパク質レベルの変化

Ze Cheng1, George Maxwell Otto1, Emily Nicole Powers1

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

Cell
|February 24, 2018
PubMed
まとめ

遺伝子発現の調節は,これまで考えられていたよりも複雑です. 発芽中の酵母を研究した結果 繁殖中のタンパク質のレベルを制御する 新しいメカニズムが明らかになりました

キーワード:
ルーティ調整する区分する遺伝子発現アイソフォームミエオシスリボソームプロファイリング転写因子翻訳uORF について

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科学分野:

  • 分子生物学
  • 遺伝学
  • 発達生物学

背景:

  • 遺伝子調節メカニズムの理解は 発達過程の解読に不可欠です
  • 既存のモデルは主にmRNAレベルに焦点を当ててタンパク質の産生を予測しています

研究 の 目的:

  • 芽生える酵母におけるメオティック分化過程におけるゲノム全体の遺伝子調節メカニズムを調査する.
  • mRNA,トランスレーション,タンパク質のレベルを同時に測定する.

主な方法:

  • mRNA,トランスレーション,タンパク質の全ゲノム同時測定
  • 芽生える酵母におけるメオティック分化分析
  • 反相関mRNAとタンパク質のレベルを特定する.

主要な成果:

  • 何百ものmRNAは タンパク質産物との反相関を示した.
  • 測定された遺伝子の8%以上 (少なくとも380個) は新しい規制メカニズムを使用しています.
  • このメカニズムは,翻訳可能と翻訳不能のmRNAアイソフォームの切り替えを含みます.
  • 単一の転写因子はタンパク質合成の活性化と抑制を調整することができます.

結論:

  • 発達中の遺伝子調節には,トランスクリプトイソフォームスイッチングを通じてタンパク質レベルを調節する普遍的なメカニズムが含まれています.
  • mRNA誘導だけではなく,生成されたトランスクリプトの種類がタンパク質合成を決定する.
  • この発見は 転写後の遺伝子調節に 新たな視点を提示しています