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低強度PSAベースのスクリーニング介入が前立腺がんの死亡率に与える影響: CAPランダム化臨床試験
Richard M Martin1,2, Jenny L Donovan1,3, Emma L Turner1
1Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England.
JAMA
|March 7, 2018
まとめ
単一の前立腺特異抗原 (PSA) スクリーニングは,英国の大規模な試験で前立腺がんの死亡率を低下させなかった. しかし,低リスクの癌の検出を増加させ,全人口のスクリーニングに適していないことを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 泌尿器科
- 腫瘍学
- 公衆衛生
背景:
- 前立腺がんのスクリーニングは,過剰発見や過剰治療などの潜在的利益と害のために議論されています.
- 前立腺がんスクリーニング試験 (CAP) は,前立腺特異抗原 (PSA) 検査の影響を明らかにすることを目的とした.
研究 の 目的:
- 前立腺がんに特異的な死亡率に対する単一のPSAスクリーニング介入の効果を評価する.
- 癌のステージ,グレード,全因死亡率を含む二次的アウトカムを評価する.
主な方法:
- イギリスの50~69歳の男性419,582人を対象としたクラスターランダム化試験です.
- 介入グループは1回のPSA検査の招待状を受け,対照群は標準的な治療を受けた.
- 前立腺がん特異的な死亡率を主なアウトカムとして,追跡期間の中央値は10年でした.
主要な成果:
- 介入群と対照群の間では,前立腺がん特異的な死亡率の有意な差は認められませんでした (1000人年あたり0. 30対0. 31).
- 前立腺がんの診断の増加 (4. 3% 対 3. 6%) と低度 (グリソン6以下) の腫瘍の検出
- 死亡率の有意な差は認められなかった.
結論:
- 一回のPSAスクリーニングは前立腺がんの死亡率を低下させなかった.
- この介入により 低リスクの前立腺がんの検出が増加し 過剰診断の懸念が高まりました
- 発見は,集団ベースの前立腺がんスクリーニングのための単一のPSA検査の使用を支持しません.
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