甲状腺 の 結節 の 診断 と 治療 ― 概要
Cosimo Durante1, Giorgio Grani1, Livia Lamartina1
1Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Università di Roma "Sapienza," Roma, Italy.
JAMA
|March 7, 2018
まとめ
ほとんどの甲状腺の結節は良性であり,監視が必要です. 超音波や必要に応じて生検や 分子検査を用いた 個別化されたリスクベースのアプローチは 甲状腺結節の最適な治療を保証します
科学分野:
- 内分泌学
- 診断用イメージング
- 腫瘍学
背景:
- 甲状腺の結節は人口の最大65%で発見され,しばしばイメージングで偶然発見されます.
- ほとんどの甲状腺の結節は良性であり,臨床的に無意味であり,監視によって管理されます.
- 主な目的は 発がん性 症状を引き起こす 甲状腺機能に影響を与える わずかな割合の結節を特定することです
研究 の 目的:
- 甲状腺の結節の効果的な診断と管理の戦略を概説する.
- 不必要な介入を最小限に抑えるために 個別化されたリスクベースのアプローチを強調する.
- 臨床的に有意な甲状腺がんの特定を改善する.
主な方法:
- 甲状腺機能検査と 超音波検査を用いて 最初のノードル管理を行う.
- 超音波の特徴 (例えば,キスティック,スポンジ状,固体,低音,不規則な縁,マイクロカルシフィケーション) を用いて,さらなる試験の必要性を決定する.
- 精細針の吸入バイオプシーと特定の症例の分子検査,特に不確定細胞検査を指示する.
主要な成果:
- 良性結節はしばしば,超音波で性またはスポンジ状の特徴を示し,さらなる検査を必要としません.
- 疑わしい超音波の発見は細胞学的評価を必要とします.
- 超音波と細胞検査に基づくリスク評価は,治療とフォローアッププロトコルを決定します.
結論:
- 超音波検査,細針吸入生検,分子検査を統合した診断戦略により,個別化され,リスクに基づく甲状腺結節の管理が可能になります.
- このアプローチは医療の質を向上させながらも 費用を削減し,不必要な検査を回避します
- ほとんどの甲状腺の結節は良性であり,監視と標的の診断手順で効果的に管理できます.
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