数百万の小規模農家と共に持続可能な生産性を追求する
Zhenling Cui1, Hongyan Zhang1, Xinping Chen1
1College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Nature
|March 8, 2018
まとめ
何百万という中国人農家が 改良された農法を採用し 農作物の収穫量を10%以上増やし 窒素肥料の使用量を18%削減しました この大規模な介入により,中国の食糧生産と環境性能が改善されました.
科学分野:
- 農業科学
- 環境科学
- 持続可能な開発
背景:
- 小規模農業は世界の食糧生産を主導し,生産量の増加と環境保護のバランスをとる上で課題を提示しています.
- 証拠に基づいた農業慣行のために大規模な小規模農民コミュニティを動員することは歴史的に困難でした.
- 持続可能な農業には 生産と汚染を同時に解決することが不可欠です
研究 の 目的:
- 数百万の中国の小規模農家が改善された管理慣行を採用する成果を評価する.
- 農作物の収穫量,肥料の使用,環境性能に対するこれらの慣行の影響を評価する.
- 中国の食糧安全保障と持続可能性の可能性を 示すこと
主な方法:
- 地元で適用可能な勧告を策定するために,中国の農業生態系全域でフィールド試験を実施した.
- 総合的な意思決定支援プログラムを利用し,研究者,広報担当者,農業産業のスタッフと連携しました.
- 2005年から2015年まで452カ国の約2090万人の農民を巻き込みました
主要な成果:
- トウモロコシ,米,小麦の平均収穫は10.8~11.5%増加し,3300万トンの穀物が追加されました.
- 窒素肥料の適用は14.7-18.1%減少し,120万トンの節約と122億米ドルを生成しました.
- 反応性窒素の損失は減少し,作物単位あたりの温室効果ガスの排出も減少しました.
結論:
- 小規模農家による強化管理慣行の大規模な採用は実現可能で効果的です.
- 農業の生産性が向上し 環境の持続可能性も向上します
- 同様の状況で食糧安全保障と持続可能な農業を推進するためのスケーラブルなモデルを強調しています.
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