協力の進化における社会的規範の複雑性と過去の評判
Fernando P Santos1,2, Francisco C Santos1,2, Jorge M Pacheco2,3,4
1INESC-ID and Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, IST-Taguspark, 2744-016 Porto Salvo, Portugal.
Nature
|March 9, 2018
まとめ
シンプルな道徳的原則は 複雑な社会環境でも 評判を高めることで 協力を促進できます この研究は,複雑さ最小の高度な協力を促進する重要な規範を特定しています.
科学分野:
- 社会科学
- 行動経済学
- 進化心理学
背景:
- 評判や地位に依存する 複雑な協力メカニズムである間接的互換性は 人間の社会的行動の特徴です
- 社会的規範は行動が"良い"か"悪い"かを決定し 評判や後に続く援助行動に影響を与えます
- 既存のモデルはしばしば評判と行動を単純化し 過去の評判が協力に与える影響を無視しています
研究 の 目的:
- 過去の評判が,間接的な相互性モデルにおける協力にどのように影響するかを調査する.
- 協力関係を効果的に促進する社会規範の特定のパターンを特定する.
- 複雑性のコストを最小限に抑えながら 協力を最大限にする最も単純な規範を決定する.
主な方法:
- 過去の評判を間接的な相互関係に組み込むモデルを開発する.
- 協力を促進するパターンを特定するために,間接的な相互関係に関連する社会的規範の分析.
- 意思決定における"複雑性コスト"を考慮した標準のパフォーマンスの評価.
主要な成果:
- 社会的規範における重要なパターンが特定され,協働を大幅に促進しています.
- 過去の評判を無視した特定の基準は,最小限の複雑さで90%以上の協力を達成しました.
- この基準の有効性は,意思決定の複雑性コストを考慮すると特に顕著でした.
結論:
- シンプルな道徳的原則は 複雑な社会環境において 協力関係を効果的に推進します
- 過去の評判に基づいて差別しない規範は,非常に効率的な協力戦略を提供します.
- 倫理的な指針は,個人が詳細な評判情報を持っている場合でも,協力を維持できると示唆しています.
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