新しい 重要 な 微生物 群 が 多様 性 を 拡大 し,生命 の 樹 に 関する わたしたち の 理解 を 変化 さ せる
Cindy J Castelle1, Jillian F Banfield2
1Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Cell
|March 10, 2018
まとめ
新しいゲノムは細菌の候補種放射 (CPR) とアスガルドの古生物のような主要な微生物の系統を明らかにし,生命の樹と微生物の進化と役割の理解を再構築します.
科学分野:
- 微生物学
- 進化生物学
- ゲノミクス
背景:
- 培養による独立したゲノミクスは,以前培養されていない微生物の系統からゲノムの回復を可能にしました.
- 主要な新しい微生物系は,細菌候補線維 (CPR),DPANNアーカイア,アスガルドアーカイアを含む.
- CPRとDPANNの生物はしばしば共生体であり,アスガルドの古生物は真核生物のようなシステムを持っている.
研究 の 目的:
- ゲノムが生命の樹の構造に どのように影響を与えているかを説明します
- 微生物の生物学,進化,代謝機能の 変化した理解を証明する.
- 微生物の多様性と進化史の再構築におけるゲノムデータの重要性を強調する.
主な方法:
- 培養独立のゲノミクスを利用して,候補フィラからのゲノムを回収し,分析する.
- 進化的関係を再構築するために新しいゲノムデータを組み込む 系統遺伝分析
- 新しい微生物系統の代謝的役割と生物学的特徴を推論するための比較ゲノミクス.
主要な成果:
- 主要な新しい微生物の系統の描写:細菌候補フィラ放射線 (CPR),DPANNアーカイア,アスガルドアーカイア.
- CPRとDPANNの生物は主に共生生物であり,一部はエピシンビオンである.
- アスガルドのアルカイアゲノムは,典型的に真核系を明らかにし,真核生物を系統的にアルカイアの中に置く.
結論:
- 新しいゲノムは 生命の樹の構造を 根本的に変えました
- 微生物の進化,生物学,そして生地化学過程における代謝の役割についての理解は大きく変化した.
- 候補種のゲノム復元は,微生物の多様性と初期の生命の進化を調査するための新しい道を開きました.
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