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関連する概念動画

What is Evolutionary History?02:35

What is Evolutionary History?

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Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution. However, both fossil and living organisms offer evidence that outlines Earth’s evolutionary history.
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Evolutionary Psychology01:20

Evolutionary Psychology

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Evolutionary psychology explores the origins of human behavior and mental processes by framing them within the context of natural selection, a theory famously propounded by Charles Darwin. This field asserts that many behaviors common across human societies — ranging from instinctive fear reactions to complex social interactions — arose as evolutionary adaptations. These adaptations enhanced the survival and reproductive success of our ancestors, thereby becoming embedded in the...
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Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective01:23

Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective

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In a study where individuals posing as strangers offered compliments and proposed casual sex to students, the responses differed significantly based on gender. Not a single woman accepted the proposal, while 70% of the men agreed. This outcome provides a useful scenario to explore through the lens of evolutionary psychology and social learning theory, highlighting the diverse perspectives on human sexual behaviors.
Evolutionary psychology provides one explanation for these findings, suggesting...
381
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Dynamic Equilibrium02:20

Dynamic Equilibrium

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A reversible chemical reaction represents a chemical process that proceeds in both forward (left to right) and reverse (right to left) directions. When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, the concentrations of the reactant and product species remain constant over time and the system is at equilibrium. A special double arrow is used to emphasize the reversible nature of the reaction. The relative concentrations of reactants and products in equilibrium systems vary greatly;...
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Equation of Rotational Dynamics01:08

Equation of Rotational Dynamics

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Angular variables are introduced in rotational dynamics. Comparing the definitions of angular variables with the definitions of linear kinematic variables, it is seen that there is a mapping of the linear variables to the rotational ones. Linear displacement, velocity, and acceleration have their equivalents in rotational motion, which are angular displacement, angular velocity, and angular acceleration. Similar to the rotational variables, a mapping exists from Newton's second law of motion...
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Characterizing Microbiome Dynamics &#8211; Flow Cytometry Based Workflows from Pure Cultures to Natural Communities
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宿主関連微生物群の多層次進化動態

Aura Ferreiro1, Nathan Crook2, Andrew J Gasparrini3

  • 1The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.

Cell
|March 10, 2018
PubMed
まとめ

微生物群は遺伝的進化と情報移転を通じて宿主環境に適応する. これは菌株とコミュニティレベルで起こり 回復力を高め 新しい微生物と生態系への適応を可能にします

キーワード:
クローン干渉植民地化エコロジーゲノム学横断的な遺伝子転送人間の微生物群微生物の進化微生物の感染病原体の侵入エキセノバイオティクス

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Multiscale Structures Aggregated by Imprinted Nanofibers for Functional Surfaces
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Application of Flow Vermimetry for Quantification and Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Gut Microbiome
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関連する実験動画

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Multiscale Structures Aggregated by Imprinted Nanofibers for Functional Surfaces
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科学分野:

  • 微生物学
  • 進化生物学
  • 遺伝学

背景:

  • 微生物群は多様な宿主環境に住み,常に選択的な圧力に直面しています.
  • 適応は宿主内の微生物の持続性と回復力にとって極めて重要です
  • 適応を促す遺伝的メカニズムを理解することは 微生物群の研究の鍵です

研究 の 目的:

  • ホストに関連した微生物群の進化と遺伝情報の移転に関する最近の研究をレビューする.
  • 株とコミュニティの両方でどのように遺伝的適応が起こるかを探求する.
  • 外部からの微生物の侵入の影響を受けた ダイナミックなシステムとして 微生物群を構成する

主な方法:

  • 微生物の進化と遺伝子交換に関する現在の文献のレビュー
  • 微生物集団における遺伝的適応メカニズムの分析
  • オープンシステムとしての微生物群のダイナミクスを理解するための概念的枠組み

主要な成果:

  • 遺伝情報は菌株レベルでの微生物系統内で保存され多様化されます.
  • 異なる微生物間の遺伝子交換は コミュニティレベルでの適応を容易にする.
  • 微生物群は 外部微生物の侵入によって新しい遺伝情報を獲得し 回復力を高めます

結論:

  • 微生物の適応と回復力は 遺伝的進化と 複数のスケールでの情報伝達によって引き起こされます
  • ホストに関連した微生物群は,内部遺伝的プロセスと外部インプットを通じて適応するダイナミックな生態系である.
  • 微生物群をオープンシステムとして捉えれば 進化の可能性と適応性について 総合的な見方ができます