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Introduction to Membrane Proteins01:16

Introduction to Membrane Proteins

81.7K
The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is an ever-changing landscape. It is described as a fluid mosaic where various macromolecules are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. Among the macromolecules are proteins. The protein content varies across cell types. For example, mitochondrial inner membranes contain ~76% protein content, while myelin contains ~18% protein content. Individual cells contain many types of membrane proteins—red blood cells contain over 50—and different cell...
81.7K
Membrane Proteins01:30

Membrane Proteins

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Plasma membranes have integral transmembrane proteins involved in facilitated transport. These proteins are collectively referred to as transport proteins, and they function as either channels for the material or as carriers themselves. Channel proteins have hydrophilic domains exposed to the intracellular and extracellular fluids and a hydrophilic channel through their core that provides a hydrated opening for solutes to pass through the membrane layers. Passage through the channel allows...
30.6K
Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

30.1K
Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity.  In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to...
30.1K
Mechanical Protein Functions01:58

Mechanical Protein Functions

5.7K
Proteins perform many mechanical functions in a cell. These proteins can be classified into two general categories- proteins that generate mechanical forces and proteins that are subjected to mechanical forces. Proteins providing mechanical support to the structure of the cell, such as keratin, are subjected to mechanical force, whereas proteins involved in cell movement and transport of molecules across cell membranes, such as an ion pump, are examples of generating mechanical force. 
5.7K
Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

5.7K
Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
5.7K
Detergent Purification of Membrane Proteins01:18

Detergent Purification of Membrane Proteins

6.5K
Detergents are used to purify the integral proteins of the membrane. The hydrophobic portion of the detergent can replace membrane phospholipids while solubilizing the membrane proteins. When detergent monomers reach a specific concentration in a solution called critical micelle concentration (CMC), they form micelles. Above CMC, the concentration of the detergent monomers remains in equilibrium with the micelle. The number of detergent monomers present in the CMC varies for each detergent, and...
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Low Molecular Weight Protein Enrichment on Mesoporous Silica Thin Films for Biomarker Discovery
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メソ構造のシリカフィルムに組み込まれた機能的に活性な膜タンパク質

Justin P Jahnke, Matthew N Idso, Sunyia Hussain

    Journal of the American Chemical Society
    |March 14, 2018
    PubMed
    まとめ

    この研究は,シリカ材料に高濃度の活性膜タンパク質を組み込むための新しい方法を示しています. この技術により,メソ構造のシリカ膜内のタンパク質の安定性と機能が向上し,高度なバイオマテリアルへの道を開きます.

    科学分野:

    • 材料科学
    • 生物化学
    • ナノテクノロジー

    背景:

    • 膜タンパク質は細胞機能に不可欠ですが,アプリケーションでは安定させることが困難です.
    • メソポラス・シリカは 生物分子の基盤を提供しますが タンパク質の組み込みは困難です
    • このような材料で機能的に活性なタンパク質の高濃度を達成することは重要な課題です.

    研究 の 目的:

    • 機能的に活性な膜タンパク質をメソ構造化シリカ材料に組み込むための多機能合成プロトコルを開発する.
    • これらのシリカ複合体内の膜タンパク質の安定化とネイティブのような機能を実証する.
    • タンパク質の安定性を高める高度なバイオマテリアルを作るためのこの方法の可能性を調査する.

    主な方法:

    • 膜タンパク質 (プロテオロドプシン,シトクロームc) とシリカ前駆体および様々な表面活性物質 (非離子性,脂質性,フルオリン性) を軽度な酸性条件下で組み合わせる.
    • タンパク質を組み込むために,ワームのようなメソ構造のシリカフィルムを使用した.
    • 細角X線散射,電子パラマグネティック共鳴,および一時的なUV可視光譜を用いた特徴付け.

    主要な成果:

    • 機能的に活性なプロテオロドプシンの高濃度 (重量15%まで) をメソ構造化シリカ膜で達成した.

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  • シリカフィルムのタンパク質は,伝統的な環境と比較して,ネイティブのような機能と熱安定性を発揮しました.
  • 活性サイトクロームcをシリカイオン表面活性剤の膜に組み込むことでプロトコルの一般性を実証した.

    • 結論:

    • 多用途の合成プロトコルは,活性膜タンパク質を高濃度で,オーダーされたメソ構造のシリカに組み込むことを可能にします.
    • その結果,タンパク質とシリカの複合物は,安定性が向上し,ネイティブのような機能性を発揮します.
    • この方法は,膜タンパク質を用いた新しい生体材料とバイオセンサの開発に期待されます.