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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): Overview01:07

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): Overview

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a phenomenon exhibited by certain nuclei that can absorb characteristic radio frequency radiation under certain conditions. NMR has been extensively applied in molecular spectroscopy and medical diagnostic imaging. In both these applications, the molecule or subject under study is placed in a magnetic field and irradiated with radio frequency energy.
NMR spectroscopy generates a spectrum where the characteristic absorption frequencies of the sample are...
7.0K
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
20.9K
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

18.4K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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固体スピンセンサを使用した高解像度磁気共鳴スペクトル

David R Glenn1, Dominik B Bucher1,2, Junghyun Lee3

  • 1Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Nature
|March 16, 2018
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者らは ダイヤモンドの窒素空白センターを用いた新しい技術を開発し,小さなサンプルで高解像度の核磁気共鳴 (NMR) を達成した. この突破は 単細胞レベルで 詳細な分子分析を可能にします

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科学分野:

  • 量子センシング
  • スペクトロスコーピー
  • ナノテクノロジー

背景:

  • 固体電子スピンは,ダイヤモンドの窒素空隙センターのように,ナノスケールサンプルからの核磁気共鳴 (NMR) 信号の感知を可能にします.
  • 既存の窒素空白センター NMR 方法は ~100 Hz の解像度を達成し,スカラーカップリングや小さな化学的シフトのような重要な分子構造識別子を解像させるには不十分です.
  • 従来のNMRは高解像度ですが,マイクロまたはナノスケールのサンプルには感度がありません.

研究 の 目的:

  • 固体スピンセンサを用いた高スペクトル解像度 NMR を達成するための新しい測定技術を実証する.
  • 単細胞スケールまで非常に小さなサンプルで分析的なNMRスペクトロスコーピーを可能にします.
  • ナノスケールアプリケーションの現在のNMR感度と解像度のトレードオフの限界を克服する.

主な方法:

  • 固体スピンセンサ (磁気計) としてダイヤモンドの窒素空隙センターのアンサンブルを使用した.
  • 信号検出の強化のために 狭帯域の同期読み出しプロトコルを実装した.
  • マイクロメートルスケールのサンプル量 (~10ピコリットル) と熱的に偏った核スピンに適用した.

主要な成果:

  • 約1ヘルツのNMRスペクトル解像度を達成し,以前の方法よりも大幅に改善しました.
  • ~10ピコリットルのサンプル容量で NMR スキャラカップリングを成功裏に観測した.
  • 強化された窒素空白センター技術を使用して,小分子から化学的シフトスペクトルを解きました.

結論:

  • 開発された技術は,単細胞レベルで分析的なNMRスペクトロスコーピーを可能にします.
  • この進歩は,高解像度のNMRとナノスケールの感度との間のギャップを埋め,化学,構造生物学,および材料の研究の新しい道を開きます.
  • この方法は,ピコリットル体積の化学分析と相関する光学およびNMR顕微鏡の道を開く.