東アフリカにおける中石器時代の環境動態

Richard Potts^1,2, Anna K Behrensmeyer^3,4, J Tyler Faith⁵

¹Human Origins Program, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA. pottsr@si.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|March 17, 2018

まとめ

環境の変化は初期の人間の行動に影響を与えましたケニアの中石器時代 (MSA) は,変化する風景と湿乾サイクルへの適応を示し,以前のアチェール時代とは対照的です.

科学分野:

古人類学
考古学
環境科学

背景:

アフリカの中石器時代 (MSA) の発展は,30万年前には,初期のホモ・サピエンスにおける行動進化と関連している.
環境の変化が行動の変化に及ぼす影響を理解することが重要です

研究の目的:

ケニアのオロルゲサイリー盆地でのMSAの発生前後の環境動態を調査する.
初期のホモ・サピエンスにおける行動適応と環境変化を相関させる

主な方法:

時間的に制限された堆積物学的データの分析
古代環境のダイナミクスの再構築
MSAとアチェーレの考古学的記録と関連する動物コミュニティの比較.

主要な成果:

Olorgesailie盆地のMSAサイトは,独特の動物コミュニティと関連しています.
侵食-堆積のサイクル,地質学的な活動,湿気-乾燥の変動が増加したのがMSAの特徴です.
アチェーレ技術 (MSA前) は,土地と湖の変動と一致する石材の選択性と資源調達の証拠を示しています.

結論:

環境の変化は,湿気-乾燥の変動性と地質学的な活動が強化されたことを含め,MSAの間,初期のホモ・サピエンス (Homo sapiens) の行動進化に影響を与えた可能性が高い.
アシェル族のホミニンは既に環境変動に適応し,MSAのホミニンの行動を予知している可能性がある.

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