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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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RNA Interference01:23

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Ubiquitous and Tissue-specific RNA Targeting in Drosophila Melanogaster using CRISPR/CasRx
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RNAターゲティング型VI-DCRISPRエフェクターによるトランスクリプトーム工学

Silvana Konermann1, Peter Lotfy1, Nicholas J Brideau1

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Helmsley Center for Genomic Medicine, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

Cell
|March 20, 2018
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

科学者たちは新しいCRISPR-Casシステムである タイプVI-Dを発見し CasRxという コンパクトな酵素を開発しました CasRxはヒト細胞内のRNAを効率的に標的にし,トランスクリプトーム工学と潜在的な治療のための新しいプラットフォームを提供します.

キーワード:
CRISPRについてカス13CasRx についてRNA 干渉RNAターゲティング代替スプライシングフロントテンポラル認知症遺伝子編集ゲノム工学タウ

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Ubiquitous and Tissue-specific RNA Targeting in Drosophila Melanogaster using CRISPR/CasRx
06:37

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CRISPR Guide RNA Cloning for Mammalian Systems
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科学分野:

  • 微生物学
  • 分子生物学
  • 遺伝学

背景:

  • クラス2のCRISPR- Casシステムは,微生物に適応免疫を与えます.
  • 以前の研究はDNA標的システムに焦点を当てており,RNA標的システムはあまり研究されていない.

研究 の 目的:

  • 新しいRNA標的型CRISPR-Casシステムを特定し,特徴づけること.
  • 新しいRNA標的酵素を 開発して 治療に使えるようにする

主な方法:

  • プロカリオットゲノムとメタゲノムのバイオ情報分析
  • 特定されたCRISPR-Casのオートログの生化学的特徴とタンパク質工学.
  • ヒトの細胞とニューロンモデルにおけるin vitroおよびin vivo機能検査

主要な成果:

  • 新しいRNAターゲティングCRISPR-Casシステム,タイプVI-Dの識別と分類
  • Ruminococcus flavefaciens XPD3002からのコンパクトで高効率のRNAターゲティングリボヌクレアース,CasRxのエンジニアリング
  • CasRx媒介によるRNAのノックダウンが人間の細胞で高い効率と特異性を示した.
  • 触媒的に不活性なCasRxを適用して,前頭葉性認知症のモデルにおける代替スプライシングを操作し,タウの調節障害を緩和する.

結論:

  • CasRxは,トランスクリプトームエンジニアリングのための新しい,プログラム可能なRNA結合モジュールです.
  • タイプVI-DのCRISPR-CasシステムとそのCasRxエフェクターは,RNAターゲティングのための汎用的なプラットフォームを提供します.
  • CasRxは,特に遺伝的および神経変性疾患における,将来の治療開発に有望である.