皮膚がんを予防するための行動カウンセリング:米国の予防サービスタスクフォースの勧告声明
, David C Grossman1, Susan J Curry2
1Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle.
JAMA
|March 21, 2018
まとめ
行動カウンセリングは明るい肌の若い人に 日焼け防止の行動を効果的に高めます 大人の場合,紫外線曝露に関する選択的なカウンセリングが推奨され,皮膚の自己検査に関する証拠は不十分です.
科学分野:
- 皮膚科
- 予防医学
- 公衆衛生
背景:
- 皮膚がんは米国で最も一般的な癌で メラノーマは死亡者の大半を 引き起こしています
- 非メラノーマ性皮膚がん,基礎細胞癌,状細胞癌は最も一般的である.
- 米国予防サービスタスクフォース (USPSTF) は,皮膚がんの予防とスクリーニングに関する勧告を更新しました.
研究 の 目的:
- 皮膚がん予防のための行動カウンセリングに関する2012年USPSTFの勧告を更新する.
- 皮膚の自己検査による皮膚がんのスクリーニングに関する2009年USPSTFの勧告を更新する.
主な方法:
- 日焼け防止のカウンセリングと その中間結果と皮膚がん発生率への影響に関する証拠を 検討した.
- 心理カウンセリングと 行動の変化と皮膚癌の関連を評価した
- カウンセリングと日焼け防止行動の変化の 害を評価した.
- 皮膚の自己検査に関するカウンセリングの証拠と,皮膚がんの結果と害に対するその影響について検討した.
主要な成果:
- 行動カウンセリングは,明るい肌の子供,青少年,若者 (24歳まで) の日焼け防止行動に適度な効果があります.
- カウンセリングは 24歳以上の明るい肌の人の 日焼け防止行動に わずかな改善をもたらします
- 皮膚がんの予防のための皮膚の自己検査に関する成人の助言の利益と害に関する証拠は不十分です.
結論:
- 紫外線被曝を最小限に抑え,皮膚がんのリスクを減らすために,6ヶ月から24歳までの薄い肌の個人にカウンセリングが推奨されます.
- 臨床医は,個々の危険因子を考慮して,明るい肌を持つ24歳以上の成人に,紫外線曝露を最小限に抑えるためのカウンセリングを選択的に提供すべきである.
- 皮膚がんの予防のための皮膚の自己検査に関する成人のカウンセリングの利益と害を評価する証拠は不十分です.
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