洞窟魚のインスリン抵抗性 栄養素の限られた環境への適応
Misty R Riddle1, Ariel C Aspiras1, Karin Gaudenz2
1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Nature
|March 22, 2018
まとめ
洞窟魚はインスリン受容体の変異により インスリン抵抗性を示し, 食糧不足時に生存を助ける. それにもかかわらず 普通の寿命を保ち 栄養不足の洞窟環境に 独特の適応を 示唆しています
科学分野:
- 進化生物学
- 生理学
- 遺伝学
背景:
- 生物は,特に外部のエネルギー源に依存する洞窟に住む種は,定期的に食糧不足に直面しています.
- 洞窟に適応したメキシコのテトラ (Astyanax mexicanus) の個体群は,環境により栄養不足を経験しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 洞窟に適応したメキシコのテトラと河川に適応したメキシコのテトラの血糖安定とインスリン抵抗性を調べる
- 洞窟魚と地表魚の代謝の違いに寄与する遺伝的要因を特定する.
主な方法:
- 洞窟と河川の集団における血糖恒常性とインスリン抵抗性の比較分析
- インスリン受容体結合のインビトロ評価
- インスリン受容体遺伝子の変異に対する洞窟魚の遺伝子解析
- 特定された変異を持つハイブリッドと遺伝子組み換えゼブラフィッシュの表型分析.
主要な成果:
- 洞窟に適応したメキシコのテトラは,河川の集団と比較して,血糖の恒常性およびインスリン抵抗性を失っている.
- インスリン受容体遺伝子の変異が複数の洞窟集団で確認され,インスリン結合の低下と高血糖症を引き起こした.
- インスリン受容体の変異を携えた魚は体重が増加し,頻度の低い餌に適応する優位性を示した.
結論:
- インスリン受容体の変異によって引き起こされるインスリン信号の減少は,栄養が限られた洞窟環境での生存に有益であるようです.
- 洞窟魚はインスリン抵抗性や高血糖症に伴う健康への悪影響を軽減する補償メカニズムを持っています.
- この研究は,極端な環境への進化的適応を強調し,代謝調節に関する洞察を提供します.
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