神経発達障害における規制要素のデノボ変異
Patrick J Short1, Jeremy F McRae1, Giuseppe Gallone1
1Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
Nature
|March 22, 2018
まとめ
特に胎児の脳活性領域における新しい変異は 神経発達障害の重要な原因である. この研究では,コード化変種がない患者での貢献度が推定されています.
科学分野:
- 遺伝学
- 発達生物学
- ゲノムに関する規制
背景:
- 以前は,重度の発達障害の42%がコード配列のデノボ変異と関連していました.
- 規制要素における de novo 変異の役割はほとんど未調査のままである.
- 制御要素は遺伝子発現を制御し 発達に不可欠です
研究 の 目的:
- 発達障害に対する規制要素の de novo 変異の寄与を調査する.
- 影響を受けた個体における突然変異のために強化された特定の種類の規制要素を特定する.
- 神経発達障害におけるこれらの変異の流行と影響を推定する.
主な方法:
- 約8000人の患者の3つの推定的調節要素のデノボ変異の分析
- 進化的保存と機能的活動 (胎児の脳活性要素) の評価
- 濃縮量を測定し,変異率を推定する統計分析
主要な成果:
- 胎児の脳活性要素のデノボ変異は 神経発達障害において著しく増幅される.
- 繰り返し変異した元素の二重濃縮が観察された.
- これらの調節要素の病原性デノボ変異は,コード化変異を持たない患者の1~3%に推定される.
結論:
- 制御要素のデノボ変異,特に胎児の脳活動が保存されているものは,神経発達障害の重要な遺伝的原因です.
- この発見は 遺伝的基盤の理解を コーディング領域を超えて広げています
- 機能的データと進化的データを組み合わせることで 遺伝的疾患の規制要因を特定することが重要です
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