1980年から2014年の米国各郡における感染症死亡率の傾向とパターンの違い
Charbel El Bcheraoui1, Ali H Mokdad1, Laura Dwyer-Lindgren1
1Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle.
JAMA
|March 28, 2018
まとめ
感染症による死亡率は1980年から2014年にかけて全米で減少したが,郡レベルでの大きな格差は残っている. 腹病は特に増加し,公衆衛生上の懸念が高まっています.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生
- 流行病学について
- 感染症
背景:
- 感染症は米国における重要な公衆衛生上の課題です.
- 感染性疾患の死亡率に関する郡レベルのデータはすぐには入手できません.
- これらの傾向を推定することは,標的を絞った公衆衛生の介入に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 1980年から2014年にかけての米国における特定の感染症の年齢基準による死亡率と傾向を推定する.
- 感染症による死亡率の地理的差異を特定する.
主な方法:
- 国立保健統計センター (NCHS) と人口データからの非特定死亡記録を利用した.
- 郡レベルのデータに検証された小面積推定モデルを適用した.
- 下呼吸器感染症,下痢疾患,HIV/AIDS,髄膜炎,肝炎,結核による死亡率を分析した.
主要な成果:
- 感染症による全体的な死亡率は 1980年から2014年の間に 18.73%減少しました
- 下呼吸器感染症は2014年の死亡の主な原因でした.
- HIV/AIDSが最も高い相対的不平等を示している.
結論:
- 感染症による死亡率は全体的に減少したが,地域的に大きな差異がある.
- 髄膜炎と結核による死亡率はすべての郡で減少した.
- 腹性疾患による死亡率は2000年から2014年にかけて増加し,特定の地域で懸念される傾向を示しています.
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