食物繊維によって選択的に促進される腸内細菌は,2型糖尿病を緩和する
Liping Zhao1,2, Feng Zhang3, Xiaoying Ding4
1State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China. lpzhao@sjtu.edu.cn pengyongde0908@126.com zhangchenhong@sjtu.edu.cn.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 29, 2018
まとめ
食物繊維は,短鎖脂肪酸 (SCFA) を生成する有益な腸内細菌を促進し,2型糖尿病 (T2DM) を改善し,有害な化合物を減少させます. これらのSCFAの生産者を復活させることは,T2DMの管理に新しいアプローチを提供します.
科学分野:
- 微生物学
- 代謝疾患の研究
- 栄養学
背景:
- 腸内微生物群は,人の健康に不可欠な短鎖脂肪酸 (SCFA) を生成します.
- SCFA欠乏症は2型糖尿病 (T2DM) と関連しています.
研究 の 目的:
- T2DM患者におけるSCFAを生成する腸内細菌に対する食物繊維の影響を調査する.
- SCFAを生成するバクテリアと血糖値のコントロールの関係を決定する.
主な方法:
- ランダム化された臨床試験で アイソエネルギーダイエット
- 腸内微生物の組成を分析する 排泄物のメタゲノミクス
- ヘモグロビンA1cとグルカゴン型ペプチド-1の測定
主要な成果:
- 食物繊維は,T2DM患者で特定のSCFA産生細菌株を選択的に促進した.
- 促進されたSCFA生産者の多様性と豊富さは,ヘモグロビンA1cレベルの改善と相関しています.
- SCFAの生産者はインドルや硫化水素などの有害な化合物のレベルを低下させました.
結論:
- 標的化された食物繊維の介入は,T2DMの管理に役立つように腸内微生物群を調節することができます.
- 特定のSCFAを生成するバクテリアの回復はT2DMの新たな生態学的戦略を表しています.
- このアプローチは,血糖制御を改善し,T2DMの代謝リスク要因を減らすことができます.
関連する概念動画
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
5.1K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
5.1K
01:46Types of Selection
45.3K
Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
45.3K
01:32Types of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
4.4K
Skeletal muscles comprise various fibers, each with distinct characteristics and roles in movement and stability. They are mainly categorized into three types — fast-twitch, slow-twitch, and intermediate.
Fast-twitch fibers
Fast-twitch fibers, or Type II fibers, are designed for quick, powerful bursts of speed and strength. They reach peak tension within approximately 0.01 seconds following stimulation. Characterized by a large diameter and densely packed myofibrils, these fibers contain...
Fast-twitch fibers
Fast-twitch fibers, or Type II fibers, are designed for quick, powerful bursts of speed and strength. They reach peak tension within approximately 0.01 seconds following stimulation. Characterized by a large diameter and densely packed myofibrils, these fibers contain...
4.4K
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
5.5K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
5.5K
00:57Antibiotic Selection
60.2K
Overview
60.2K
01:23Dietary Connections
62.2K
In biological systems, most metabolic pathways are interconnected. The cellular respiration processes that convert glucose to ATP—such as glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle—tie into those that break down other organic compounds. As a result, various foods—from apples to cheese to guacamole—end up as ATP. In addition to carbohydrates, food also contains proteins and lipids—such as cholesterol and fats. All of these organic compounds are used...
62.2K